At all times, service for the benefit of their tribe, community or country was famous for their honor. People involved in this activity received all the best from their brothers. They were respected and glorified. Later, with the development of the policy and mechanism of state building, service for the good of the country began to be appreciated even more. Because there was an urgent need for specialists in their field. It is known that officials existed in Ancient Egypt, China. Thus, serving the state is the most significant and significant type of activity that every citizen can engage in.
To date, this area has acquired specific features that have emerged due to the evolution of almost all social relations. In addition, the service of the state was divided into several types, each of which is characterized by its own specifics. Speaking specifically about the Russian Federation, then public service has three main areas. In this article we will try to characterize one of these types, namely the civil service of Russia.
The structure of the civil service of the Russian Federation
Before considering public service in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to understand the essence and structure of public service as a whole. According to the developed theoretical doctrine, as well as the provisions of individual legal acts, public service is the activity of citizens of a professional nature in the state administration apparatus. However, this concept does not reveal its full essence and importance. Therefore, it is divided into three constituent elements, namely: civil, military and law enforcement. Differentiation of this kind helps to examine each of these specific species in more detail.
The concept
Earlier, the author has already indicated that public service is divided into three elements. One of them is the civil service of the Russian Federation. According to the regulatory legal acts in this area, this is a professional activity of Russian citizens who hold positions in the legislative, executive and judicial authorities. From the military and law enforcement services, the civilian is distinguished by its specificity and direct subject of work. Given the concept presented above, it is the activity of citizens in normal conditions for the implementation of the legal field of the state.
It should be noted that the civil service is paid for from the budget of Russia. Features of this kind of activity can be traced not only in the specifics of the work, but also in the way of organizing the specialists who deal with it.
Legal regulation
The Federal Civil Service, like other types of similar activities, is regulated by a number of regulatory legal acts. Given the features of the legal system of the Russian Federation, laws are the most significant of them. Thus, legal regulation is carried out in the framework of the following two main acts:
1) The Federal Law "On the Civil Service System". This normative act predetermines key principles and concepts of civil service. In addition, the law provides for its division into three constituent elements: military, law enforcement and civil.
2) The Federal Law "On Civil Service" regulates without exception all issues related to this particular type of service, namely: employment procedures, prohibitions, principles for carrying out activities, etc.
It is worth noting that Federal Law 79 “On Civil Service” is not the only regulatory regulator. In addition to it, there is a fairly extensive by-law base filled with decrees of the President of Russia and resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. In addition, regional regulations are of great importance. However, it is the law on civil service that fixes the initial principles of this field of activity.
Modern stage
According to the legislative acts presented above, the civil service is the activity of citizens in judicial, legislative and executive authorities. Based on the presented concept, a number of professions that directly belong to it can be distinguished. Thus, the civil service is the activity of the following bodies and officials:
- Administration of the President of the Russian Federation;
- governments;
- federal executive bodies;
- individual employees of federal bodies;
- executive authorities, except law enforcement agencies.
Contrary to popular belief, people who are members of the Federation Council, as well as deputies of the State Duma, are not public servants .
Posts
The civil service of the Russian Federation is structured. This principle is most clearly seen in the job distribution of each employee individually. It should be noted that, regardless of the type and functions of the organ, it always has a regular structure. This is a document that contains statements on the number of personnel of a department or organization and on the positions in which this personnel is distributed. As a rule, the title of the posts and their functional features do not differ. In all statements they are the same. However, taking into account the specifics of the work of some individual departments and organizations, additional posts may be introduced.
Post types
According to the Federal Law "On Civil Service", there are four main categories of public civil service posts. Moreover, each is further divided into several groups. Thus, the following categories of posts exist:
1) Leaders. This category is divided into three groups. Its representatives are the “helm” that regulates the activities of the civil service. Employees of this category provide work and fulfill the functions of individual state bodies.
2) Category assistants. It exists to promote the category of leaders. Representatives of this category in every way contribute to the process of managing an organization or service.
3) Specialists - this is the category on which, in essence, the entire civil service rests. Its representatives most directly implement, or rather implement, the activities of the organization, service.
4) Provisioning staff is a category of employees that exists for organizational, informational, documentary, business and other types of support.
Cool ranks
In addition to the positions presented in the article, each civil servant is endowed with a class rank, which is a rank similar to a military one. Class ranks, as a rule, are assigned to an employee only in accordance with the position held by him. However, the fact of being in office is not obligatory to assign a class rank. As a rule, civil servants pass a qualification exam, the results of which determine the receipt of a rank.
It should be remembered that the assigned rank is retained by the employee for life. Moreover, the fact of its presence allows a person to receive certain benefits. For example, each employee is paid an additional fee depending on the assigned rank. The size of such remuneration varies depending on the state of the budget and the state economy. The award of privileges for class ranks is carried out by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.
Post register
It should be noted that today in the Russian Federation there is a register of posts of the state civil service. It is a list of names of absolutely all posts existing in the Russian Federation in all state bodies. The register of civil service posts was established by decree of the head of state in 2005. Its creation is due to the facilitation of personnel work, as well as the goal of more meticulous familiarization of citizens with the structure of the civil service.
Conclusion
So, the article considers the concept of "state civil service". It should be noted that this field of activity will never decline due to its paramount importance. Indeed, it is thanks to the civil service workers that the direct activity of the state is carried out. In addition to this, this institution actually implements the provisions of the Constitution and other normative legal acts. Thus, the development of scientific theories and concepts in this field is still necessary so that the civil service system is constantly evolving. And this, in turn, will allow more specifically regulate public relations in the Russian Federation.