Arrangement of a well in a summer cottage is an excellent alternative to central water supply. Why is this method preferred?
- It will be possible to avoid bureaucracy.
- Spent water does not have to pay.
- Water quality will be high.
- Water from the tap will flow even in case of repair of the water supply.
Pros of Well Water
The arrangement of the well has several advantages:
- low cash costs for organizing a water supply system from a well compared to drilling a sand or artesian well;
- unified installation work;
- lack of need for permission from official authorities;
- long term use of the system.
It is better to entrust the arrangement of the well to a professional, since if you decide to erect such a structure on your own, then in the future many problems can arise:
- In the spring, melt water can get into the well. This happens due to improper installation of concrete rings.
- The inflow of poor quality water due to the wrong choice of the construction site of the well.
- An improperly selected location can also lead to an imbalance of groundwater, which will rise to the surface and make nearby soil swampy, as well as undermine the foundation of the house.
Well water supply scheme for a country house
After the location of the well is selected, it is necessary to decide from which components the future system will be assembled. The main elements include:
- storage tank;
- relay for water pressure;
- storage tank;
- water batteries;
- pumping stations and other devices for lifting water;
- water supply pipes.
The arrangement of the well does not require the purchase of expensive equipment. An external model can act as a pump. However, the level of its effectiveness depends on the distance from the well to the house. The closer the system is to the structure, the better the water will flow.
For the construction of a water supply system, it is better to resort to the use of pipes made of plastic or metal plastic. Steel pipes are susceptible to oxidation and rust. This will spoil the taste of the water and change its color.
How to choose the right materials for the well?
The arrangement of a country well requires the strengthening of its walls. To this end, various materials are used. The main ones include:
- wood;
- rings made of concrete;
- brick;
- natural stone.
If the choice fell on wood, then it is better to give preference to moisture-resistant species. For example, oak or pine will be a great choice. At the same time, the taste of water will improve. For example, when using pine logs, water acquires a pleasant taste of needles.
The most economical option is to equip a well based on concrete or brick rings. But if unreinforced concrete is used, the rings will begin to crumble. An expensive way is to strengthen the walls of the mine with stone.
The arrangement of the well in the country depends on the taste of the owner. Often use a log cabin, which is covered with a roof from the boards. Practicality is characteristic of such execution. Felling can be a great element of landscape design.
Carrying water from a well to a house
In order for the well water system to be distinguished by a high level of efficiency and last for a long time, you should correctly determine the location of the future well. For this purpose, a frame (vine) is used, with the help of which a geodetic analysis is carried out.
When a place is chosen, then you can start sampling the land. In a process such as arranging a well, wells are typically torn out manually. Digging up the soil is an important stage in the installation of a well. The life of the source depends on this process. The process requires some physical preparation.
You can use the technique. But even the most advanced excavators are not able to dig a hole deeper than 5 m. In addition, the powerful impact of the machine's bucket provokes a violation of the density of the walls. Also, the use of an excavator requires significant cash investments. Therefore, they often resort to manual labor.
The formation of a typical model of the well takes place with the use of concrete rings. Mine digs to the desired depth. Then, reinforced concrete elements are lowered into it one at a time. First you need to make sure the quality of the rings. They should consist of a homogeneous material, have the same dimensions, not contain cracks. In the process of deepening you need to constantly check the size of the rings and the diameter of the shaft. Verticality is maintained using a plumb line.
Any water supply system involves the formation of a source. It can be dug at any time of the year. But we do not recommend doing this in the spring, since you can make a mistake with finding underground streams.
How to automate pumping water from a well?
If the water supply of the country house is automated, then you do not have to constantly run to the well with buckets. For the purpose of automation, specialized equipment is used. The main component is the pump. Its device has a number of design features. For example, it is equipped with a float switch and an inlet filter . Also, the electrical device must be protected from the ingress of water into it.
Two types of pumps are commonly used:
- With installed grille at the entrance. Usually it is mounted by a suspended method, which is a good solution for a bottom that is full of silt.
- With support fixed to the bottom of a closed tank.
The process of building a well is divided into a number of stages. The arrangement of wells with your own hands can very well be carried out. The involvement of an experienced craftsman is required when choosing the location of a well and conducting electrical work.
Having prepared the necessary tools and materials, as well as familiarized with the recommendations of knowledgeable people in this matter, you can provide a country house with a water supply system.
What is needed to build a well?
- Pump. His choice is depending on the depth of the well and the amount of water supplied. The deep immersion model has proven itself perfectly.
- Pressure switch. This electric device serves to shut off the pump after reaching a certain pressure level. Disconnection is carried out at an automated level in accordance with the selected parameters.
- Non-return valve. This device serves to maintain the required pressure level in the pump and to prevent the outflow of water into the well.
- A set of pipes.
- Fasteners.
- Corners.
How to organize water supply?
The main stages of arranging a water supply well include the following:
- Initially, you should dig a trench from the well to the house. Its depth depends on the freezing of land in this area. It should be at least 1 m. A hole is made at the base of the well. This work is done with a sledgehammer. Then the gap is poured with a solution.
- Next, you must lower the flexible hose or pipe into the well. Previously, it is screwed to the pump along with a check valve. Depth should be like a normal water intake (depending on the terrain).
- A plastic pipe and a cable for a pump lie in a trench. Typically, the length of the cable is 40 m. If its length is insufficient, then the missing centimeters are added by building. This procedure is performed taking into account that the contractor is familiar with the rules of power supply.
- After the pipe and cable are laid, you can proceed with the connection. It depends on the type and material of manufacture. Metal products are joined by welding, for pipes made of plastic, there are other methods. The main thing is compliance with tightness. Plastic pipes have an advantage over metal counterparts. When water freezes, they do not crack.
- Then you should begin to establish pipes in the house. For this purpose, the foundation is dug up and a hole is made in the floor. Better to choose an inconspicuous place.
- After summing up the system, a relay must be connected to it. A pump cable is connected to the relay. The settings of the device should be carefully checked.
- The pump cable must be connected to the network. A tap is installed on the pressure switch, which is an adapter for pipes.
Pipe wiring in the house
For effective wiring, a number of rules should be followed:
- At the bottom of the system, a water outlet with a tap is installed. It is necessary for draining water during repairs and maintenance.
- Do not connect the toilet with a plastic pipe. Differences in water pressure can disrupt the pipe. Also, differences can cause damage to the joints of elements along the entire length of the system. Therefore, pipes must be connected qualitatively.
Pumping station
The pumping station has a limited immersion depth of up to 9 m.
Such a system can be of different ranges:
- With a hydraulic accumulator. This mechanism is equipped with a surface pump and tank. Such a system pumps water into the tank until the required pressure occurs. When the valve opens, water will flow from the tap. The advantage of this type is that there is always a certain amount of water in the tank, which can be used even if the system fails. The disadvantages include the pressure drop.
- The automatic unit works on the same principle as the surface. But the accumulation of water occurs in the tank. Opening the water drives the pump, and closing helps shut it down. The automated unit is equipped with a filter system and protection against dry running. This system is not affected by pressure drops.
Installation of a pumping station
To install the station you need the following devices:
- water filter;
- protective relay;
- check valve;
- pressure switch;
- automated block;
- Voltage regulator.
Before installing the pump, you should choose a location for it, as well as determine the distance from this place to the source of water. Another important nuance is the depth of immersion.
Typically, pumping stations are mounted in the back of the house or utility room. In the case of remoteness of the house from the well, the pump is installed closer to the water source. The device must be protected from moisture and temperature changes.
Varieties of sewer wells
There are several varieties of sewer wells:
- Lookout. Serves to cleanse the system.
- Overflow. Mounted if the difference between the pipes is above the permissible value.
- Turning. Installed in place of pipe turns. This makes it possible to avoid blockages.
- Cumulative. Such a sealed container is needed for the accumulation of wastewater. After it is filled, water is pumped out by means of a pump or a sewer.
- Filtrational. Why is such a well arrangement necessary? The water in it is pre-treated.
Material selection for a sewer well
Recently, more and more often plastic is taken as the basis of structures. It is distinguished by a low level of frost resistance. The design of such a sewer well is in no way inferior to a reinforced concrete analogue. The structure also involves the presence of a shaft pipe, base and telescopic cover. Often, a ring of concrete with a slab and a hatch is included in the system.
The advantages of plastic construction
Plastic systems have several advantages. Their base already contains openings for the release of water, which are adapted to the diameter of the sewer pipes. In reinforced concrete structures, it is necessary to measure the holes for the pipes when they are hollowed out, which requires money and time.
The arrangement of a sewer well made of plastic is reliable. This design is able to withstand high water pressure. Cast iron hatches and special storm water inlets are divided into different classes in the load. More commonly used is Type B, rated at 12.5 tons, and Type D, rated at 40 tons.
Plastic collector with storm water inlet
The height of such a well should not be more than 2.5 m. The diameter of the ring should be 1 m. Since the soil can be different, it is very difficult to determine the size of the well. If the volume of the erected well is insufficient, then a second structure is constructed, which is connected to the first by means of an overflow pipe.
Depth of sewer pipes
Installation of a sewer well is completed by laying pipes. Their depth should be 40 cm. It is important to observe the slope of the pipe, which should be at least 1 cm per 1 m of the route. Also, do not forget about waterproofing.
When digging a trench, you should not dig a hole too deep. It is better to leave a reserve, since the sprinkled earth can settle, which will violate the slope of the track. Hard objects cannot be placed under the track, as they contribute to pipe damage.