Recently, more and more began to build flat roofs, which gradually displace traditional gable structures. With the help of such a roof, the building can be given a more concise and stylish look.
The device and installation technology have their own characteristics. Before starting work, it is necessary to understand the technology and procedure. Not so long ago, projects of flat-roof houses were distributed only in Europe and in the West, today more and more Russians prefer this particular design option.
Device
Classical construction standards are a thing of the past; people prefer economical and practical technologies. A flat roof meets these requirements. Its device is characterized in that time and financial costs are reduced, which is especially noticeable when compared with a gable roof. Flat roofs can increasingly be found in country houses and presentable cottages; implementing such an idea is not very costly. As part of this design, several layers, among them it should be distinguished:
- base;
- vapor barrier;
- insulation;
- waterproofing.
Do you need a bias
A flat roof device necessarily provides for a slope. It must be within 4 . This will avoid the accumulation of melt and rain water on the surface, reducing the risk of leaks, the development of corrosion and damage to materials. The coating will become unusable shortly after installation, if the water freezes and settles for several seasons.
The most common material for the described roofs is a light concrete mixture. It should contain extruded polystyrene. Its installation is quite simple. To do this, you do not have to have professional skills.
After solidification, the material acquires durability and strength. But the use of this composition should be taken into account even at the design stage, since concrete weighs a lot and has an impressive load on the ceiling and load-bearing elements. The device of a flat roof may include the use of a concrete mixture, to the components of which perlite or expanded clay is added. The cost of the roof is reduced, but the weight is increased, so the roofing "cake" is not so strong. The slope in this case is formed using monolithic thermal insulation.
Sheet thermal insulation is laid on the prepared surface and fixed with glue to prevent displacement with time. It is recommended to use not only glue, but also dowels with plastic struts, which will exclude contact of steel elements with the base. This need is also due to the fact that the described areas become places where bridges of cold are most likely to appear .
Bias problem
A flat roof must necessarily have a slope, but it is most difficult to form it if you use bulk materials, because it will be problematic to fill in a concrete layer of expanded clay. But if a positive result can be achieved, then the layer will turn out to be durable and strong. The slope can be formed on foam concrete blocks, which are covered with fiber-reinforced concrete. Such insulation will be ready to last several decades without major repairs, but the price of materials is quite high, and installation entails additional financial costs.
Roofing units
A flat roof must necessarily be protected from the effects of the external environment. To achieve a positive result, special attention must be paid to those areas where docking with pipes, walls, ventilation and other building elements is carried out.
The main functions of the nodes are ensuring the tightness of the joints and insulation. On the reinforced concrete basis, the described nodes are organized in those places where the slice of the roofing pie will adjoin the vertical structures. Large manufacturers can find systems that take into account the design features of materials.
Installation of a traditional flat roof
A conventional roof provides for waterproofing, which is located on top of the insulation layer. It is also a topcoat, which will be affected by the external environment. This type of roof is the most common, so it can be seen on almost every modern building with a flat roof.
Not so long ago it was customary to use roofing material for waterproofing, but today PVC membranes are the most suitable option. An ordinary flat roof cannot be exploited since it does not have a reinforcing concrete screed. During installation, basalt wool should be used, which will not be able to withstand constant loads.
Training
Before starting work, it is necessary to prepare the foundation by laying floor slabs or by organizing a monolithic surface from a reinforced concrete slab. Further, vapor barrier spreads out, which can be film polyethylene or polypropylene materials.
You can get polymer or bituminous rolled vapor barrier cloths. The latter are surfaced and have important advantages when compared with film - they are thicker and denser, and during the installation process there is no seam through which moisture could penetrate. At the next stage, when building a house with a flat roof, a heater is laid. It is selected taking into account the characteristics of the climate and construction.
It is better to use several layers for the bath, so that the heat is better retained inside. The most popular modern solution is mineral wool, which is inexpensive and has all the necessary characteristics.
Thermal insulation
The next step will be fixing the insulation material. You can use for this an adhesive or mechanical method. In the first case, bitumen glue is used. Thermal insulation is mounted using technology that determines how waterproofing is fixed. If dowels were used, then the waterproofing is laid and fastened to them. Experts recommend the use of bitumen, but the statement is true when it comes to laying on a concrete base.
Vapor barrier
When it is planned to use polymer-bitumen vapor barrier, it is better to take dowels as mechanical fasteners. The next layer will be waterproofing. For this, roll material is suitable, which is rolled over the surface and fastened with an overlap of 20 cm. Then welding is carried out by a non-fire or fire method. The installation of a flat roof in the next step involves laying the upper layer of waterproofing. This increases the longevity and reliability of the pie. Roll material is weld over the entire surface of the canvas.
Features of installation of an inverse roof
Compared to traditional, the inversion roof has a higher durability. When ordinary roofs begin to flow, the inversion structure remains intact. It lasts for several decades. Having examined the construction in the context, you can understand what the installation process looks like. Such a roof can be stacked on a built building. To do this, you only have to dismantle the upper layers and lay the insulation in the desired sequence.
Flat roof technology may include further roof operation. From above you can organize corporate meetings or create a summer studio. The design gives a minimum load, because it consists of a light finish roll material, as well as steam, heat and waterproofing. You can use such a roof in private homes as a summer playground.
For installation, it is necessary to prepare the base, which is a reinforced concrete slab. It is coated with a primer to provide a better fixation of the waterproofing. The next step is to do just that. In this case, the first is a layer of waterproof material. For this, it is most convenient to use PVC membranes or bituminous rolled products.
Insulation of a flat roof is carried out in the next step. Then you can install the support layer in the form of geotextiles. It is located between the outer finishing layer and the inner insulation materials. For light roofs, roll materials surfaced on the surface act as a roofing outer layer. An alternative solution is a layer of crushed stone.
If the roof will be subjected to moderate stress, it is necessary to use paving slabs or insulating materials. For strong inverse roofs, each layer is reinforced with high-strength geotextiles. An external coating may be a monolithic concrete slab.
Features of the calculations
Calculation of a flat roof is easier than any. You will need to determine the surface area, as well as the area of ββthe covering material. Usually it overlaps, so it is important to look at the usable area in the instructions.
The first value is divided by the second, which allows you to get the number of sheets. They are purchased with a margin of 10%. According to the same algorithm, when calculating, it is necessary to do the same with other materials, for example, hydro-, steam- and thermal insulation.
Features of the installation of fences
The flat roof guard is installed in the same way as in the case of a pitched roof. First you need to determine the place where the roofing fence will be located. It must be removed from the cornice by 40 cm. Next, a universal bracket is installed in which the support posts will be mounted. On them cross crossbeams are fixed. It is necessary to take care of the presence of stubs. All joints are sealed.
Checking fences is performed by a specialized company. In order for the design to last as long as possible, special attention must be paid to the choice of material. The basis may be galvanized steel. It is manufactured with increased rental accuracy. This indicates that the material can be used for different fences and fastening systems.
A zinc layer is applied to steel structures during the manufacturing process, which protects the metal from corrosion. Flat roof construction may include stainless steel fencing. It perfectly resists corrosion and has alloying additives like molybdenum, chromium, titanium and nickel. The most successful addition is chromium in the amount of 20%. Such steel is not subject to corrosion, because a film is formed on its surface, eliminating the influence of precipitation.
The most expensive fences are those made of copper. They have excellent anti-corrosion characteristics, have electrical and thermal conductivity. After several years of operation, such fences are covered with an oxidized layer of green color, which creates a barrier to aggressive external influences, temperature and moisture.