It should be noted that adverse climatic events are always in the center of increased attention. And this, perhaps, is not surprising, because all of us, sometimes without realizing it, are under their influence. Although, of course, a lot also depends on the residence of each particular person. For example, droughts and strong winds are quite rare in the middle zone of our state, but floods and floods are typical of the Far East.
Agree, although adverse climatic events in Russia are much less common than, say, in the United States or, for example, in the Balkan countries, our plans for the day can still be spoiled by heavy rains, heavy snowfalls or terrible heat. And these are just a few of all the options.
This article aims to familiarize the reader with such an important topic as adverse climatic phenomena. In six sections, all the necessary theoretical information will be presented, and the global nature of the problem will be revealed on the basis of the most characteristic examples.
Natural conditions. general information
Under natural conditions, it is customary to understand geological features, relief fragments, landscape zonality, and the climate of a particular area. In principle, all of them are not directly involved in production, but nevertheless to a large extent predetermine the organization of both the life and economic activities of the population.
Of course, they have the strongest influence on agriculture, as its effectiveness and specialization directly depend on the water regime of the territory, its climate and the degree of soil fertility.
People’s life is also affected by natural conditions, i.e. Of course, the need for one or another type of housing, diet and clothing of a person depends on them.
Taking into account all the above information, we can conclude that this kind of conditions mainly determines both the social and economic feasibility of building certain settlements, transport routes and industrial enterprises. In addition, it can be argued with confidence that adverse climatic events determine the development of mineral resources.
Climate Dependence
In general, the climatic conditions of our state, even with all their severity, are not some insurmountable obstacle both to conducting successful economic activities and directly to life. It should be noted that a significant part of the population of Russia still lives in regions with a continental and temperate continental climate.
What is the severity of the climate expressed in? According to scientists, first of all, it consists in severe frosts and winds, as well as in long nights in the cold season.
By the way, do not forget about the onset of a long polar night in the north and northeast of the state. Note that in this area the climate is considered quite severe, however, people still continue to actively develop these regions.
Today, the government is doing everything possible to increase population density in regions that are characterized by adverse climatic events in Russia, which is why labor here is paid much higher than the national average.
Climate of Russia
Russia is actually a huge country located in several zones at once, and therefore its climate is quite heterogeneous, and it is unlikely that we can talk about it using just a few suggestions.
For clarity, a special table was compiled, “Adverse Climatic Phenomena,” showing what exactly a person should be wary of when he finds himself in a particular corner of our vast country.
We tried to affect every climatic zone of the state.
The name of the climate zone | Adverse climatic events in Russia | Where are especially common |
Moderate | Low temperature in winter, heavy rainfall and snow, drought, floods | Most of the country |
Arctic and subarctic | Heavy snowfalls, low temperatures | Islands belonging to the Arctic Ocean and continental areas located in the Far North |
Subtropical | High temperatures, drought, dry winds, strong winds | Black Sea coast of the Caucasus |
Droughts and dry winds in Russia
No wonder these natural phenomena are classified as the most dangerous in our country. The thing is that, as a rule, they cause significant damage to horticulture and fruit growing, and this applies both to private households and the scale of the entire state.
In most cases, drought occurs suddenly, and it is almost impossible to prepare for it in advance.
In Russia, it can occur at any time of the year, except perhaps winter. The season with no rain in the spring, immediately after the snow melts, in the sultry summer or winter before the onset of the first frost is considered the most destructive.
A long period without precipitation and low humidity is fraught with severe drying out of the soil, shallow lakes and even shallow rivers. Most often, a drought, repeated two or even three years in a row, causes enormous damage to the agriculture of the region.
Hail and heavy rains
If we talk about adverse climatic events in Omsk, in Moscow, or, say, in Saratov, we cannot but mention such purely summer ones as showers and hail.
By the way, according to meteorologists, the most destructive for central Russia is the hail that falls during a thunderstorm from 12 to 17 hours. In general, the center of the non-chernozem zone belongs to the strip considered the most exposed to this type of precipitation. For example, in the Moscow region during the year, on average, hail can fall from 2 to 4 times.
The size of hailstones is directly proportional to the amount of damage done. As a rule, such an ice pea is no more than 3-5 mm in diameter, but larger specimens up to 10 cm are also found. The weight of an individual ice piece is about several grams, but there were specimens and weighing up to 0.5 kg.
First of all, hail is very dangerous for fruit and berry plants: it knocks down blossoming flowers, fresh young leaves and fruits, and sometimes even irreparably breaks down the stems of raspberries, currants, blackberries and other shrubs.
As a rule, the most dangerous is the hail falling during the flowering of plants. This can partially or completely destroy the crop. As a result, the trees in the gardens are completely bare - not only without fruits, but also almost completely without foliage. It seems that in an instant you are transported from spring to late autumn, when the ground under your feet is almost entirely covered with berries and fallen fruits.
By the way, it should be noted that damage caused by hail on trees (both on trunks and on branches) is very difficult to heal. Such plants are subsequently easily damaged by various kinds of pests and diseases.
Future forecasts
There is a fairly strong belief that if any adverse climatic events await the Earth in the near future, this is a significant increase in average annual air temperature and global warming.
Russian scientists decided to test this pattern on the basis of our country and came to an amazing conclusion. It turns out that a strange pattern is observed: Russians are more likely to suffer from colds, blizzards, piercing winds and frosts, than from sweltering heat. Apparently, the whole thing is in the northern location of the state.
For example, in 2013 there were 23 especially frosty days, 37 frosts and 35 cases of severe snowstorms. But for all this, both the Russians themselves and all the necessary equipment were completely ready, so the collapse did not occur in either the social or transport spheres.
But there were only 12 hot days, and even then mainly in the southern part of the state. Heavy rainfall plagued the Russians 95 times, dangerous storm winds - 75. It should be noted that this trend has been observed for several years.
By the way, note that heavy snowstorms and prolonged snowfalls in most cases are accompanied by higher temperatures than normal clear weather. But the wind, in turn, can enhance the feeling of cold. That is why a blizzard may well be perceived as a particularly cold phenomenon. An example is Chukotka. Here, locals consider the snowstorm one of the most unpleasant manifestations of global climate change. The thing is that this type of precipitation can last several days, or even weeks, almost completely depriving a person of the ability to move.