In this article we will consider the concept of state and metrological control, supervision, and also pay attention to various individual issues related to this state. structure. The topics of definition of these services, purpose, various inclusions in concepts, etc. will be touched.
Introduction
The Metrological Service (MS) has data on the standard base, in accordance with which trained and certified witnesses are hired. It also includes a number of regulatory documents and premises that are necessary for carrying out measures to verify the SI, which corresponds to a specific area of accreditation. The law of ensuring and uniformity of measurements transfers the right to verify documents, products, etc. to the state metrological control and supervision bodies. These organizations carry out a number of inspections, the purpose of which is to monitor compliance with metrological regulations and standards common in a particular field of activity.
Answering the question of what metrology is, we can say that this is a science about the general diversity of measuring instruments (IP) and methods. Its main task is to ensure the unity of these methods and units of measurement, and metrology tries to achieve maximum accuracy in its research.
Destination
Specific areas of analysis, observation and verification are:
- health care, veterinary medicine, environmental protection;
- implementation of labor safety;
- the total mass of market operations and mutual settlements between a trading and a buying entity;
- gaming machines;
- state accounting of operations;
- state support defense;
- detailed tracking of geodetic and hydrometeorological work;
- all operations related to banking, tax, customs and postal affairs;
- the production process that deliver in accordance with contracts and contracts for state. level;
- verification and control of the quality parameters of manufactured products in accordance with state standards of the Russian Federation;
- certification with respect to manufactured products and services provided;
- measuring something at the request of the court, including the arbitration, as well as the prosecutor's office and governing bodies of the Russian Federation;
- registration of all international sports assets, namely records.
State metrological control and supervision in the Russian Federation divides the whole range of manufactured, developed, and imported products into 2 types:
- Created for the purpose of application in areas where the state. Metro. control and supervision. The entire set of tools becomes applicable only after a series of experiments and calculations that allow us to understand their correctness and infallibility of the results.
- Not designed for use in the above areas.
Groups of funds
State metrological control and supervision, legal entities carry out by:
- Calibration of the total number of measuring instruments.
- Supervision of the quality and methods of use of measuring instruments, standards of unit values, as well as compliance with the entire spectrum of metrological normative guidelines corresponding to certain documentation.
- The issuance of special prescriptive papers aimed at eliminating and / or preventing possible deviations from certain standards.
- Research and analysis of the modern understanding of measuring instruments aimed at their testing and approval.
The following items are present in the metrological examination of the test system and approval of measuring instruments:
- Validation of the measuring instrument for approval.
- Conducting approval and adoption, regarding the decision that they are going to approve.
- Gos. registration, as well as the assignment of a certificate confirming the approval of the funds.
- Checking the measuring means in the conditions of the respective type.
- Recognition of the decision on the approval of the methodological method or test results, which is handled by a special competent organization abroad.
- Conducting information services for consumers of a particular measuring-type technique.
We have already familiarized ourselves with the general view of the answer to the question of what metrology is, however, it is important to understand that it is a multi-part science. A lot of subtleties of its definition in the fields of activity are connected with it. It is important to understand that testing programs applicable to measuring instruments can only provide for a specific metrological characteristic for a specific measurement sample and experimental testing of the methodology of techniques applicable to the sample itself. In terms of the equivalence of the volume of work, such studies are equated with metrological certification.
Compliance with the set of provisions of the international agreement of Russia transfers the right to analyze imported products to and from the state to the state and metrological control and supervision bodies of the Russian Federation. The right to work is also granted to such structures for work abroad, which is a prerequisite for adding goods (especially purchased) to the list of permitted and verified, as well as applicable in Russia.
Inclusions
Gos. Metro control includes the phenomenon of:
- Approval of typology of measuring instruments.
- Testing of measuring instruments, which is also true for standards.
- Licensing the activities of entities of the physical and legal type that manufacture and repair these funds.
Approval of methodological methods and measurements is carried out in accordance with the State Standard of the Russian Federation, signed and brought into force on February 8, 1994 and numbered as No. 6. The provisions of the law on the procedure for conducting a number of tests and experiments and the approval of the typology of measuring instruments can be certified only with a special certificate. The period during which it is valid is established during the issuance. Gosstandart is engaged in introducing a specific measurement method in state. registry.
Scientific state. metrologist. the center of the Gosstandart of the Russian Federation is also engaged in testing measuring instruments applicable for the actual approval of a methodological technique. Accreditation of the research centers themselves is also carried out.
Test System Settings
Metrological control is the implementation of technical analysis of documentation, as well as the assessment of technical solutions applicable in the field of specific research support.
Periodic controls carried out in order to test products for their compliance with the approved types are carried out if:
- There is information received from consumers about the decrease in the quality parameters of the manufactured or imported measuring equipment.
- Certain changes are introduced into the design and / or manufacturing technology of ICs, which may affect their normalized state of metrological characteristics.
- The period during which the certificate is valid has expired.
- Gosstandart of the Russian Federation makes a decision on the formulation and approval of the measuring tool.
- A license is issued for the right to manufacture IP, to an enterprise not previously included in the group of manufacturers of images for specific measurements, in accordance with the results of approved tests of their type.
The spheres of state metrological control and supervision, as is clear from the “destination” clause, are extremely diverse, and therefore IP verification is an extremely multifaceted process.
Jurisdiction
IP verification lies within the jurisdiction of services that monitor and supervise activities in the metrological field of human activity. Any products that are part of such areas must be tested for compliance with all standards before they enter into import, import and operation. Admission to sales and rental may only be possible after recognition and verification of IP. It is important to remember that absolutely all instances of measuring systems are subject to this analysis and testing. Approval of groups of funds that are required to undergo verification is performed by the State Standard of the Russian Federation. By his decision, the audit can be carried out by special accredited legal entities that are part of the metrologist structure. services. Analysis of all the properties of IP lies on the shoulders of the above-mentioned specialists, however, a number of government bodies exercise control over their activities. metrologist. services intended for specific locations and according to their location.
Metrological control is a tool that not only allows the measurement and verification of the production of manufactured products, but also it is responsible for its repair, rental, trade and timely provision for the inspection itself. A positive audit result must be certified with a special stigma that has the status of an attorney. The creation of a certificate of verification may also be used as recognition.
Licensing
The licensing process for the actions of each legal and / or individual to create and reconstruct measuring instruments is carried out only after the authorized bodies, in accordance with the standards of legal metrology, carry out an audit for the availability of the necessary list of conditions that is required for a specific activity. Also, special attention is paid to verifying compliance by persons that carry out this activity with a whole series of metrological regulations on rules and standards. If there is a violation, the license is revoked.
A license may be issued for a period of time not exceeding 5 years. The authority to which it was issued should be periodically inspected. Its purpose is to monitor compliance with various requirements, according to which licensed activities should be carried out.
The concept of metrological expertise includes a number of different arrangements. One of them is the agreement “On the mutual recognition of the results of state. test and type approval metrologist. certification, verification and calibration of measuring instruments, as well as on the results of accreditation of laboratories engaged in testing, verification and / or calibration of IP ”. During the development of the concept of metrology, this agreement included a document on the procedure for the mutual recognition of laboratory accreditation, buildings and premises performing specific tests, as well as inspection and / or calibration of IP.
The purpose of supervision
So, we have already familiarized ourselves with the answer to the question of who conducts state metrological supervision and control. Considering the paragraph about its purpose, we can say that its main tasks are:
- Tracking the release, condition, operation of measuring instruments that have been certified in accordance with special, approved measuring procedures, and also fit the standards of a standard of various sizes. Do not bypass the paragraph on compliance with the metrologist. rules and regulations;
- Tracking the quantity of goods that is alienated during the course of a trade operation;
- Tracking the amount of the financial range of goods that are packaged and put up for sale.
Metrological control of measuring instruments and supervision, inspect associations, enterprises, organizations and various institutions, regardless of their level of subordination and the form of conducting their own inspections. However, this is true only in relation to measuring instruments, which are included in the scope of the metrological structures of supervision and testing. With the introduction of special regulatory acts, their activity can be widespread in other areas of human activity.
The activities of state metrology centers are regulated by the State Supervision and is spelled out in the code of rules PR50.2.002-94 of the State Information Inspection.
Verification task
We have already reviewed the appointment of a metrologist. supervision and control. Let's now take a closer look at the main tasks, among which are:
- Determining the degree of correspondence between the manufactured measuring instrument and the type by which it should be approved.
- Determination of the functionality, state and accuracy of operation of the IP, which is also true with respect to the standards used in the verification of the tool itself.
- It is important to determine the availability and methods of application of the methods in accordance with which certification of measurements is carried out.
- Implementation of control in relation to compliance with the metrological code of norms and rules. This clause, without fail, is subject to the settings prescribed in the Law of the Russian Federation “on ensuring the uniformity of measurements”.
The object of state. metrologist. supervision and control is a list of all transactions in the field of trade, during which the goods passes from the ownership of one legal or physical entity to the ownership of another. The quantitative value of the goods is determined during the analysis of the measurement results.
Violation of the metrologist. rules and norms in the process of determining the quantitative value of the alienated goods is considered:
- Exclusion of the alienation of a smaller quantity of goods that does not correspond to the information contained in the application for sale.
- Exclusion of alienation of product quantities that do not match the price paid.
- The operation of measuring instruments that are not suitable for the type, as well as not tested and having a broken mark. This also includes funds that give incorrect testimony.
It will be important to know that when creating products, metrological requirements also apply to the packaging in which it is placed. They are divided into 2 types: the requirement for individual packaging and the requirement for goods inside the package. All requirements related to the first type are reduced to the provision that, when investing in goods, under-investment should not exceed the permissible limit approved in the regulatory document on these products. In the absence of such standards, a number of requirements should be guided by what is included in the international documentation of MP No. 87 OIML on the net value in the package.
Currently, many such services are located in specific areas of Russia, which is consistent with other countries. For example, there is a metrological service in Moscow responsible for the installation, inspection and change of water meters. It is located at ul. Academician Korolev, 13. Despite the fact that the requirements for accuracy and consistency of readings and measurement results across the country are common, nevertheless, in accordance with the regions, metrological control is carried out by different services operating in a particular place.
To summarize
The types of metrological state control listed in the paragraphs above are included in the legislation and protected by it. Failure to comply with the standards may invalidate the license, and unlawful exploitation is punishable and constitutes a crime.
There are a large number of signs in metrology that correspond to certain certificates. They show us that the measuring tool belongs to a group of approved and verified. Signs can be divided into: national, international, industry and specialized, for a particular industry.