Almost any modern car is equipped with a four-stroke engine, so most well-known manufacturers develop lubricants for them. Oils for 2-stroke engines are less common, because such engines are more rare. However, they are found on motor boats, motorcycles, chainsaws, lawn mowers. Such motors have a low weight and high power density, are cheap due to the simplicity of design and low cost of manufacture. Of course, in such engines you can not fill in ordinary oil for 4-stroke engines.
Features of such oils
It is worth noting that such oils are disposable and completely lost. They are not poured into the crankcase to lubricate the cylinder-piston group. They are poured directly into the fuel. It is completely logical that in this case the oil for 2-stroke engines burns out together with the fuel. If you go into details, about 25% of the product goes into waste, the remaining 75% of the oil is released into the atmosphere as exhaust gases. The result is an oil mist. In some models, oil for 2-stroke outboard engines is introduced in a ratio of 1: 100 or 1:20. Depending on the engine model, the fuel / oil ratio may be different.
Modern 2-stroke engines have an automatic dosing system . That is, the required amount of oil is supplied in accordance with the load on the motor, which reduces the consumption of lubricant.
2-stroke motors
In 2-stroke engines , a carburetor air-fuel mixture supply system is used. Due to the principle of operation of such an engine, the chamber is emptied from the exhaust gases and the fresh mixture is supplied almost simultaneously. Because of this, part of the fuel and lubricant leaves with the exhaust. And a third of the fresh grease leaves. This is the biggest drawback of two-stroke engines, because of which the motor efficiency is low. Part of the oil burns here, a large amount of emissions is formed. Therefore, in densely populated regions, where mopeds with similar engines are often used, there is great smog in the streets, smoke and noise. An example is the cities of many Asian countries, where the local population has the main means of transportation - a moped.
However, in recent years, the design flaws of such engines have been offset by the use of new technologies for direct or indirect fuel injection. As a result, the level of emissions was reduced, fuel consumption was reduced.
About motor oils for 2-stroke engines
There are different brands that produce products of different quality. The efficiency of the engine and its durability directly depend on the quality of the lubricant. When choosing oil for 2-stroke engines, you should pay attention to such criteria:
- Lubricating properties.
- The presence of anti-wear characteristics.
- The presence in the composition of detergents that perform the function of cleaning the engine from sediment.
- Ability to prevent deposits in the exhaust system. Most often, a similar opportunity for oil is in the case of the presence of flushing additives in the composition.
- Low smoke levels. If a lot of smoke comes out of the exhaust system when using oil, this indicates that most of the grease goes to waste.
- Clean spark plugs. Many experts recommend checking after applying the oil how much the candles have turned black. If they really turned black, then it is better not to buy such a lubricant.
- Oil viscosity and high fluidity. Some oils thicken at a low temperature, and then their efficiency is greatly reduced.
- Anticorrosion properties.
Many of these selection criteria become available to the buyer after using the oil. Unfortunately, when choosing oil for 2-stroke trimmers or motors for vehicles, it is impossible to immediately determine how good the lubricant is. It may turn out that it goes into great quantities, and the motor does not work well with it. Alternatively, you should read reviews about the product that you are going to buy.
Reviews
If you believe the reviews, then the lubricant from the manufacturer Gazpromneft is quite good on the Russian market. At a very low price, the company makes a good lubricant, which in quality is not inferior to the products of world brands. Also good reviews about the manufacturer Makita, which supplies excellent mineral oils to the market. True, they are very expensive. And if the cost of a liter of Gazprom Neft lubricant is 120 rubles, then the price of a liter of Makita lubricant is on average 500 rubles.
Husqvarna, LIQUI MOLY, LUXE are expensive foreign lubricants that also collect good reviews. Often you can read good expert comments about Sadko oils. The products of this company for 85-98% consist of a base - a lubricant, the rest is given to additives to give the composition the necessary characteristics described above. Moreover, all base oils are suitable, starting with selectively neutral lubricants, ending with synthetic polyalphaolefins.
The basics
Good reliable products used in conjunction with two-stroke engines contain synthetic esters along with hydrocarbons. These semi-synthetic oils for 2-stroke engines are developed more for marine vessels. However, most often for two-stroke engines, mineral-based oils are developed. They are cheap but less effective. Given that the oil in any case goes to waste, many owners do not bother and choose cheap lubricants.
By the way, unlike greases for classic 4-stroke engines , oils for 2-stroke engines pay little attention to low-temperature indicators. Bright stock is simply added to the oil - an additive with a low pour point.
Classification
When it comes to choosing grease for outboard engines with air or water cooling, it is appropriate to pay attention primarily to ashless oils. The best manufacturers of such products are Mobil, Esso, Shell, Sadko. They are divided into the following types according to API classification:
- TSC-1 (TA). This includes oils for small engines with a cylinder capacity of up to 0.5 m 3 . Similar power plants are used in mopeds and mobile electricity generators.
- TSC-2. This category includes oils intended for motors with a volume of 0.5-2.0 m 3 . Similar engines are installed both in mopeds and chainsaws, and in motorcycles. They work at high loads.
- TSC-3. Oils of this category are of higher quality and are used on engines that are very demanding on the quality of the lubricant. Suitable products for motorcycle engines, snowmobiles and other equipment with a volume of 0.5-2.0 m 3 .
- TSC-4. These oils are designed for motor boats with water-cooled engines. Considering the fact that such engines are cooled by water, rather high environmental requirements are imposed on lubricants.
There is also a lubricant label for motorcycles:
- JASO FA and JASO FB - a class of oils for motorcycle engines.
- JASO FC - this class includes smokeless oils for 2-stroke engines in motorcycles and cars.
Cost
The average price of oil for 2-stroke engines is quite large - about 300 rubles per liter canister. At the same time, there are products worth 120 rubles and even 600 rubles per liter. The price range is quite large, but it is important to determine which oil is suitable for your type of motor, and use it. The use of improper lubrication will affect the efficiency of the power plant and its service life.