The concept of orthoepy is known to everyone from the school bench. What is this branch of science? What does orthoepy study? Answers to these and other questions will be provided below.
The concept of orthoepy
The word "orthoepy" has Greek roots and means "ability to speak correctly." However, not everyone is aware that the term has a double meaning. The first - as a set of language norms, the second - associated with one of the sections of linguistics, the purpose of which is to study the rules of oral speech.
The full scope of the concept of "orthoepy" has not yet been established. Many linguists define the concept presented too narrowly, and therefore confusion can arise in expert circles. As a rule, norms and definitions of oral speech, grammatical forms and rules can be included in the term. Norms of orthoepy establish, first of all, the correct pronunciation of certain words and the emphasis in words.
Sections of orthoepy
It is very important to note that orthoepy is a branch of phonetics - one of the branches of linguistics aimed at studying the sound construction of a language. Moreover, orthoepy covers almost the entire phonetic system of the language.
The subject of orthoepy is the pronunciation of words and phrases. And what is a "norm"? All experts and specialists in the field of linguistics agree that the norm of language is called the only correct option, which completely coincides with the basic laws of the Russian pronunciation system.
The following sections of orthoepy as a science can be distinguished:
- pronunciation of words borrowed from other languages;
- features of pronunciation styles;
- features of the pronunciation of various forms of grammar;
- pronunciation of vowels or consonants in accordance with the rules.
A competent combination of all the sections presented just forms the concept of orthoepy.
Norms of orthoepy
Orthoepic norms, or, as they are also called, speech norms, form the whole modern literary language and are necessary just to serve a competent, classical Russian language. An educated and cultured person always uses literary norms in his speech. Thanks to certain rules for the pronunciation of certain sounds, high-quality communication between people is established.
It is also worth noting that, along with orthoepic norms, there are grammatical and spelling norms. If people would pronounce certain words in different ways, we all could hardly understand each other or transmit some important information. To analyze the interlocutor’s speech, to understand oral messages, one can’t do without orthoepic norms.
Of course, over time, people are increasingly moving away from established pronunciation rules. Only literate people with a really good education try not to depart from orthoepic norms.
Goals, objectives and significance of orthoepy
What does orthoepy study? The answer has already been provided above - the correct pronunciation of sounds and competent staging. In principle, the same can be attributed to the main goal of the section of linguistics under consideration. Very often we hear incorrect pronunciation of words. For example, instead of the word "corridor", many say "kolidor", instead of "stool" - "stool", etc. The task of orthoepic science just includes teaching classical, competent pronunciation of words.
Mostly elderly people or villagers sin the wrong pronunciation of words. It would seem, what could be the problem here? Unfortunately, the young generation living in such families often adopts the manner of incorrect pronunciation of words. But the wrong, warped speech was never in vogue. Here the study of orthoepy in schools becomes necessary. Pupils acquire knowledge of the literary language, which today is almost indispensable anywhere: neither in politics, nor in business, nor in any other labor field.
The importance of orthoepy is thus incredibly great: this branch of science corrects the dialect and helps to develop a competent, classical Russian language.
Orthoepy Styles
Having figured out the question of why you need to study orthoepy, it is worth moving on to equally important problems. They relate to the stylization of the section of linguistics under consideration.
What about the so-called speech styles? Orthoepy is a very vast science, constantly adapting to existing realities. She easily takes the appearance of neologisms for granted, because there simply can not be any rigid framework or dogma. That is why many experts try to be guided by a special classification, according to which orthoepic norms are divided into two main styles:
- colloquial colloquial speech. If it is implemented in compliance with all necessary rules, then its use is not prohibited, and even completely justified;
- scientific speech. This is a very strict language that prohibits the use of many common language expressions. It is strictly verified, and its main feature is the clarity of pronunciation.
Many experts in the field of linguistics distinguish some other groups of styles.
Rules of spelling
It is also worth mentioning some rules, without which the orthoepic section of science simply would not exist. In order to answer questions about what orthoepy studies, what sections of the language it is associated with, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of special rules.
All literary orthoepic norms are divided into two main types:
- rules for the pronunciation of consonants or vowels (“com [n] uter”, “[t'e] rmin”, etc.);
- stress rule (“CALL”, “OBLIGATE”, etc.).
What does orthoepy study, what are its features? For any orthoepic norm, the following features are characteristic:
- variability;
- sustainability;
- general obligatoriness;
- compliance with linguistic traditions.
It is very important to note that pronunciation rules are established in the course of centuries of practice. They must comply with the traditions of the classical Russian language. Orthoepy norms are not invented by linguists. These scientists are more likely to control them.
Consonant Pronunciation
Having dealt with what is studying orthoepy, as well as with what this science is generally needed for, it is finally worth paying attention to something more specific. What can be said about the pronunciation of consonants in the orthoepic section of linguistics? For example, here are a few basic rules:
- in the Russian language there has long been a tendency to rapprochement of sounds [h] and [sh]: of course, boring, on purpose, etc.
- solid pronunciation [f] instead of [zh] - I ride, screech, splatter, etc .;
- the sound [w] is often used in some words with the combination [th]: what, to, etc.
It is the presented rules that best illustrate the answer to the question of why orthoepy is needed. However, many rules imply other rules for setting consonants. What about vowels?
Vowel pronunciation
All norms in orthoepy are built, first of all, on the basis of phonetic laws. In the case of vowels, it’s worth highlighting, for example, the pronunciation rules [o] or [e] after soft consonants (we are talking about the unjustified pronunciation of the letter:: ice, maneuvers, guardianship, settled, etc.), as well as difficulties in choosing a vowel sound after solid hissing.
Thus, the question of why you need to study orthoepy immediately disappears after illustrating the basic rules and examples of pronunciation of certain words.