To ensure the accuracy of the provided accounting and reporting data, each enterprise must carry out an inventory of cash and property. The audit is aimed at checking and controlling the safety of cash and other valuables held at the cash desk.
An inventory of the cash register can be carried out in accordance with the established schedule, that is, planned or suddenly (unscheduled).
Mandatory cases of control are:
- before the deadline for preparing annual financial statements ;
- upon liquidation, reorganization or transformation of the enterprise;
- when changing a cash worker;
- in case of theft or shortage.
An inventory of the cash desk is carried out in accordance with the Regulation on the procedure for conducting cash transactions. This document established that, in addition to the annual audit, sudden inventories with recounting of all cash and other valuables are required. The number of revisions is not limited. As a rule, their number is determined by the corresponding mark in the accounting policy of the enterprise.
Until 2012, the procedure for cash transactions was determined by the Methodological Instructions established back in 1993. On January 1 of last year, the new Regulation on the procedure for conducting cash operations with Bank of Russia coin and banknotes in Russia No. 373-P entered into force. This provision applies to individual entrepreneurs, organizations that have switched to the simplified tax system and legal entities, compulsory accounting. Certain points are set for recipients - organizations of budget funds. Outdated documents did not mention accounting methods for individual entrepreneurs, due to the sharp expansion of the small business sector, a new position was simply necessary.
According to the new provision, the inventory of the cash desk, that is, the procedure for its implementation, the timing and documentary support, have not changed. However, the cash desk of the enterprise (the room itself, in which cash, valuables and important documents are stored) is now not equipped, as was established earlier, and the fines for non-compliance were canceled.
Before the audit, an inventory commission is created, approved by order of the head of the organization. As a rule, this includes: the chief accountant of the enterprise, the heads of the audit, control and management departments. First of all, the accounting balance is checked, that is, the one that is reflected in the cashier’s current report. This value is compared with the actual availability of cash at the checkout. If the actual balance exceeds the accounting, then this is a surplus of cash, which is recognized as non-operating income of the enterprise. In the event of a shortage, the amount that is not available is recoverable from the cash employee.
Values at the cash desk are recalculated individually. This may include vouchers for sanatoriums, securities and forms, tickets and more. Securities, as well as forms of strict reporting documents, are considered sheetwise (by type, in accordance with their starting and ending numbers).
At the end of the audit, an Inventory Act is drawn up, which indicates the presence of all values, their value, as well as the serial numbers of the last expense, receipt orders. In case of discrepancies, the cashier shall fill out a line explaining the occurrence of shortages or surpluses.