There are several ways to supply water from the well to the house. Both the external trunk of such a network and the internal one can be mounted in different ways. The equipment used to create systems of this type differs constructively and in terms of parameters.
Basic connection methods
The method of supplying water to a country house from a well may depend on factors such as:
- the location of the mine - inside the building or outside;
- well depth;
- mine water quality;
- mine flow rate and the needs of the residents of the house.
Water can be supplied from the well in residential and country houses in slightly different ways. Shallow mines are usually equipped with automated pumping stations. For wells from 20 m in most cases, deep pumps are used.
Budget scheme
One of the easiest ways to supply water to a building is to install a storage tank in the attic. This technology is usually chosen by the owners of small country houses. In this case, the pumping station is installed in the caisson, and the storage tank is in the attic or attic. Using such a technique, water flows to consumers from a hydraulic accumulator by gravity. As necessary, it is pumped into the tank with a pump.
Sometimes such systems are also equipped in residential buildings. Do this when the site is located far from large settlements. The electricity supply to villages and towns in Russia, as you know, is not stable in most cases. With a hydraulic accumulator, the water supply of a private house from the well becomes more stable. The installation of the storage tank in the attic of the building and its timely filling makes it possible to provide residents with water even in the absence of voltage in the network.
Winter feed
Just perfect, such a technique is primarily suitable for cottages that are used only in the summer. In winter, the water in the tank when using this technology, of course, will freeze. If you plan to visit the cottage, including in the cold season, the attic or attic will have to be additionally insulated and heating equipment installed here.
Also, the owners of the country house will need to lay the street highway and internal wiring pipes in a special way. Water in such a network should not stagnate, of course. Otherwise, it will be guaranteed to freeze on cold days. To prevent this from happening, when installing the system, pipes are laid with a slight bias towards the well. In this case, when the pump is turned off, water flows by gravity from the mains to the mine.
This technology allows not only to ensure uninterrupted use of all consumers in the house, but also to prevent damage to equipment. Water, when freezing, is known to expand. The result of this can be, for example, a rupture of the external line.
Using heating cables
In most cases, the external main of the water supply network of the house is laid below the depth of freezing of the soil. This reduces the risk of interruptions in winter service due to freezing to almost zero. However, sometimes it happens that it is not possible to lay pipes in this way in the area. For example, it’s unlikely that you will be able to drill a rock 80–200 cm to supply water to a private house from a well.
If the pipes are not laid too deep, a special heating cable is additionally used. Such wires can have a different design and can be mounted using different technologies. Cheap cables are usually wound on a trunk from above in turns. More reliable breakdown options can be skipped inside the pipe.
If the section of the external water main laid at a shallow depth has a small length, one more technology can be used for its additional insulation. In this case:
- sleepers are laid on both sides of the filled trench with a pipe;
- loose garden earth is poured between the sleepers.
In this case, the trunk should be wrapped with cable or at least insulated with mineral wool.
Drain system
Very often the lines of the external and internal water supply of country houses are mounted with a slope and with the summer version of the arrangement of the system. This is usually done when the garden building has a sufficiently large area and is equipped including a sewage system.
In this case, a special pipe is mounted at the end of the street water pipe. In the future, an external main of the sewer network of the house is connected to it. This design allows drainage of water from pipes during conservation for the winter in a septic tank or a separate shambo.
How to get water from the well into the house: two-stage supply
This technology is used if the well has a depth of more than 50 meters. In such systems, the power of even the most expensive submersible units or pumping stations for uninterrupted supply during peak periods may not be enough. Using two-stage technology allows you to avoid interruptions in water supply, and therefore make living in the house much more comfortable.
Also, this option of connecting water from the well to the house is often used with a small flow rate of the latter. In this case, interruptions may occur simply due to lack of water in the mine. The use of equipment of a special design in such wells also allows for uninterrupted operation of consumers.
Two-stage technology: features of arrangement
Using this technique of supplying water from the well to the house, after the pumping equipment, an expansion tank with a float switch is installed in the caisson. After filling this capacity, the system shuts off the equipment.
After the expansion tank, another discharge pump is mounted in such a network. After it, a second accumulator is installed in a similar way. This system allows you to accumulate more water during simple consumption in the house and give it as needed.
Manual feed
This technology is the most inexpensive and rarely used. Like the tower system, it is used mainly only in cottages in very shallow mines. Those designed to supply water to the well’s house are drilled with their own hands in most cases.
A caisson around mines of this type usually does not dig. A hand pump is installed on the well at ground level. Water from such mines, as well as from wells, is taken in most cases with buckets, using it both for domestic needs and for irrigating landings.
Flow from a well drilled in a house
Such mines are usually equipped in rooms with an area of at least 2 x 2 m. Most often they are located on the ground floor. A feature of the water supply system from the well in this case is the absence of an external line. The question of how to get water from the well into the house, the owners of a suburban area when using such a scheme is not at all worth it. When arranging inside the building, a special tight-fitting head is put on without fail. This prevents the spillage of the premises when the water level rises underground.
Deep wells in the premises can be drilled only at the stage of building a house or immediately before it. In prefabricated buildings, usually small wells are equipped using a small drilling rig. Water supply from such mines is carried out accordingly with the help of equipment of not too high power. These are mainly surface pumps.
The advantage of arranging a well directly in the house is that freezing of pipes in this case is completely eliminated. In addition, the work when connecting such a well to the water supply system at home is cheaper due to the absence of the need to install an external highway. Repairing the equipment of such a well, since it is carried out only indoors, in the winter season can also become a more convenient procedure.
What are pumping stations
When using such equipment, surface units are used for pumping water. Such stations are usually mounted in caissons of mines of not too great depth - up to 20 m. A storage tank is usually supplied with pumping equipment in this case. Its capacity can be from 100 to 500 liters. The hydraulic tank provides a rubber membrane and relays that regulate the water pressure inside it.
The peculiarity of this type of equipment is, first of all, that it is able to supply water to the house from the well both directly and after the pressure in the pipes drops to a certain level automatically. In the latter case, the pump simply replenishes the reserve spent from the hydraulic tank.
When using such equipment, the supply unit is installed in the caisson. In most cases, a hydraulic tank is placed in a house, in some utility room.
Deep pump
Such equipment during the arrangement of the water supply system at home is lowered directly into the well shaft. Most often, deep-well pumps are used in the installation of tower supply networks. That is, this type of equipment pumps water into a storage tank located in the attic of the house.
The advantage of deep pumps in comparison with stations is that they are able to pump water even from fairly long wells. The volume of tanks installed in the attic can reach 1,500 liters.
A feature of the installation of deep pumps is the fact that check valves are usually installed above them. Otherwise, when the equipment is turned off, water will begin to drain down through the pump back into the well from the storage tank. Such equipment is mounted on a cable together with a cable so that the distance from its lower point to the bottom of the well is 1-3 meters. Otherwise, the submersible pump will raise turbidity in the mine and become clogged.
Equipment of this type from different manufacturers can be installed in mines. For example, borehole pumps "Dzhileks", "Vodomet", "Aquarius" and others are very popular among owners of summer cottages.
What equipment can still be used
Almost always, when arranging wells, in addition to the pump and storage tank, a coarse filter is mounted. Without this structural element, the water and heating equipment used in the house would quickly fail. Even in the deepest well there are always various kinds of suspensions. Once inside the pumps and heating units installed in the house, grains of sand can clog them.
The coarse filter, mounted in most cases at the entrance of the main to the house, delays them in its housing. Such filters are mounted during the arrangement of water supply systems using feed equipment from any manufacturers. They are supplemented by networks, both with inexpensive borehole pumps - Dzhileks, Vodomet, and with better and more durable equipment - Pedrollo, Grundfos.
Also, when equipping wells, depending on the composition and quality of the water supplied from them, the following can be installed in the building:
- fine filters;
- iron removers;
- softeners.
Sometimes, in addition to cleaning water from a well, disinfectants are also mounted in a country house.
How well designs are compiled
Such water sources are equipped using approximately the following technology:
- geological surveys are carried out in order to identify the level of occurrence of water strata in certain places of the site;
- mine is being drilled;
- during drilling, a casing is inserted into the shaft;
- digging a pit caisson;
- the walls of the caisson are poured with concrete;
- a pipe and a cable for the pump are brought to the mine in the trench;
- mounted station or pump.
When compiling a project for supplying water to a house from a well, in addition to choosing the right place for the mine, it is important to determine the characteristics of the equipment used, primarily the pump. The necessary pressure of such units is determined by the following formula:
where Hv is the elevation difference between the pump and the upper point of water supply, P is the tabulated loss coefficient, H is the free head to the spout (usually a value of 15 to 20 m is taken). Also, when designing a project, the need to install additional filters and a disinfectant for cleaning water from a well in a country house is determined.