When buying, selling and supplying products, equipment, materials, the term "free" is used. It indicates the point to which the goods are delivered and transportation costs are paid.
Terminology features
The term ex works indicates that the purchaser receives the goods at the supplier’s warehouse. That is, there is pickup.
The terms "ex-carriage", "ex-train station of departure" indicates that the transportation costs in the estimate include the cost of shipping products to the point of departure. They include the costs of loading into the wagon.
The concept of “ex-departure point (or alongside)” implies that the supplier pays the costs to the port and unloading at the pier.
Accordingly, the cost of delivery to the destination is expressed by the term “ex-ship”. They may include only transportation of goods or their transportation with insurance of products against the risk of damage or death.
The concept of "ex-warehouse" reflects the transport and storage costs in the estimate . They include the delivery of goods from a supplier to a consumer.
Construction cargo
In the estimate, transportation costs for materials to the on-site warehouse are reflected in the article of the same name ("Materials"). It also includes the costs of shipping parts and structures that will be used directly during construction.
In many cases, materials are delivered directly to the construction site. Such transportation costs in the estimate are determined in accordance with the tariffs of the Estimated Price Collection for the delivery of construction cargo.
The nuances of information reflection
When substantiating the estimates of transportation costs and estimated profits, the earnings of drivers of special equipment (tractors, dump trucks, etc.) are not taken into account. They are already taken into account in prices.
The percentage of transportation costs for materials in the estimates are reflected in the amount of 120%, and the profit - 65% of the payroll fund. The corresponding provision is fixed in the 5th paragraph of the technical part (part 1 of section 1) of the Collection.
Delivery from the warehouse to the working area
These transportation costs in the estimate are taken into account as part of elemental prices and norms for construction and installation works and as part of resource standards.
Normally, norms and prices take into account the costs of unloading structures and materials at a construction site. In this regard, transportation expenses for unloading and subsequent loading of material assets in the vehicle can only be included in the estimate only at the temporary reloading section. It must be justified in the plan.
The cost of labor does not include the earnings of workers who deliver materials to the on-site warehouse. They are included in the estimate as a percentage of transportation costs for the delivery of material assets and are reflected in the cost of parts, structures and materials.
The costs of transporting construction debris and soil during the formation of budget estimates (local estimates) are included in the direct costs of "operating machines". Earnings of vehicle drivers, reflected in the tariffs for the transportation of goods, are not highlighted in the documentation.
Extra mileage payment
It is taken into account up to the site of work from the garage of the motor transport enterprise to the point of first unloading or the return of vehicles after completion of work from the place of the last unloading to the garage if both of these points are located outside the locality in which the motor transport enterprise operates. The cost of 10 km, taken into account in the freight charge for the delivery of goods, should be deducted from the amount.
When sending vehicles for work outside the place of their constant stay, additionally pay:
- Vehicle mileage from a trucking company (garage) to destination and vice versa.
- The cost of transportation of special equipment and maintenance personnel by water or rail.
- The amount of earnings for drivers and other employees seconded to the destination during the transportation of cars by water or railway.
- Per diem for drivers and other personnel for the period of being on a business trip.
- Costs of hiring residential premises. They are established in the amount specified in the legislation.
- Actual costs for the delivery of fuel and fuel, if it is impossible to get them at the place of work.
The increase in rates for the transportation of goods on a dirt road during the off-road period is not taken into account in the estimated cost.
When calculating the payment for the delivery of material assets, an incomplete half of a kilometer is not taken into account, and half a kilometer or more are considered for 1 km.
Important point
The cost of transportation of goods by dump trucks in quarries is reflected in the estimate when transporting objects to quarries, including and inside them, if loading and unloading operations are provided within the time limit. For dump trucks, it is 0.2 min / ton of cargo. The standard time can be provided by excavators equipped with large capacity buckets.
If the above conditions are not met, the calculation is based on tariffs (estimated prices) for the transportation of goods by dump trucks working outside quarries.
Shipping costs in the estimate
They are determined on the basis of calculations based on conditions prevailing in a particular region. For the construction of facilities financed by the federal budget, expenses are taken according to the norms of SNiP as a percentage of the price of materials:
- For constructions, products, building materials, except for metal structures - 2%.
- For equipment - 1.2%.
- For metalwork - 0.75%.
The estimated cost of material resources takes into account:
- The price of props, packaging, containers, spare parts.
- Loading costs.
The direct cost of resources is defined as the average of two suppliers and consists of:
- Estimated price.
- Procurement and storage costs (in percent, above).
- Shipping costs.
Garbage transportation
The costs associated with the removal of material assets from the dismantling of structures are reflected in local estimates for overhaul / reconstruction of facilities.
If in the documentation the mass of construction waste is taken into account in accordance with the volume of the reinforced concrete elements being disassembled, that is, in a solid body, the costs of its removal are calculated based on the weight of the structure with a bulk weight of 2.5 thousand kg / m 3 .
Overhead costs include costs associated only with cleaning and cleaning (waste collection) from the construction site and the street strip adjacent to it.
Means to pay for the transportation of heavy cargo must be attributed to the cost of structures, materials, products. Tariffs for its transportation on federal roads are determined by the Ministry of Transport in coordination with the Ministry of Finance.
When using reversible structures, the costs of intra-construction vehicles from one work site to another, including loading and unloading measures at the vehicle, must be taken into account additionally. In this case, proceed from the project conditions.
Expenses related to the transportation of elements of internal and external forests from the central warehouse to an object or an on-site warehouse, from a construction site to a central warehouse or to an on-site storage area related to another construction object are not taken into account and are not paid additionally. These costs must be reflected directly in local estimates.
Conclusion
Budgeting is a rather laborious process. They should be handled by highly qualified specialists. When making the estimate, the specific conditions of the area, the prices of materials prevailing in the region should be taken into account. A separate line should be devoted to contingencies. Moreover, all costs must be justified.
If an object is being constructed financed from budget funds, the provisions of normative acts, including SNiP and Calculation Methods, are used in the formation of the estimate.
Estimated calculation, under the terms of the contract, is subject to agreement with the customer.