Reinforcement elements, firmly bonded to each other and installed in the frame of a reinforced concrete structure, are designed to reinforce concrete during compression and perception of tensile stress. The bars reinforcing the reinforced concrete structure must be strong, ductile, provide good adhesion to concrete and have a high weldability.
According to the manufacturing technique, the
steel reinforcing pins used in the construction of reinforced concrete structures are divided into two types:
- Hot rolled bar reinforcement.
- Cold drawn wire.
The use of hot rolled fittings
During the construction of a reinforced concrete building, the frame is assembled from smooth reinforcement and a periodic profile. A smooth, without corrugated surface, profile made of structural low alloy steel is mainly used to connect the frame blocks into a single structure. And also from it make loops of reinforced concrete blocks, for the convenience of their movement by cranes.
The periodic profile has spiral and longitudinal protrusions on its surface to improve adhesion to concrete in the manufacture of blocks, pouring the foundations of buildings or erecting a monolithic reinforced concrete structure.
The calculation of the weight of the reinforcement according to the table
The mass of one running meter of reinforcement does not depend on the type of profile, that is, the type of surface - smooth or corrugated. The weight of the reinforcement in the table is calculated based on the diameter of the bar. Today, reinforced bars with a diameter of 6 to 90 mm are used in reinforced concrete construction.
In the construction of reinforced concrete buildings, reinforcing rods are used that meet the requirements of GOST, because only high-quality steel GOST 5781-82 meets the necessary standards.
In order to calculate the volume of the order, it is necessary to know the weight of 1 running meter of the reinforcing bar and their quantity needed to assemble the structure frame.
Valve weight table for calculating the estimate| Profile Diameter in mm | Weight of 1 running meter in kilograms | The number of linear meters in 1 ton |
| d6 | 0.222 | 4505 |
| d8 | 0.395 | 2532 |
| d10 | 0.617 | 1620 |
| d12 | 0.888 | 1126 |
| d14 | 1,210 | 826 |
| d16 | 1,580 | 633 |
| d18 | 2,000 | 500 |
| d20 | 2,470 | 405 |
| d22 | 2,980 | 336 |
| d25 | 3,850 | 260 |
| d28 | 4,830 | 207 |
| d32 | 6,310 | 158 |
| d36 | 7,990 | 125 |
| d40 | 9,870 | 101 |
| d45 | 12,480 | 80 |
| d50 | 15,410 | 65 |
| d55 | 18.65 | 54 |
| d60 | 22.19 | 45 |
| d70 | 30.21 | 33 |
| d80 | 39.46 | 25 |
The table helps to calculate the weight of reinforcement with a bar length of 1 meter.
Thus, the calculations are greatly simplified if the length and width of the mesh for reinforcing the building frame or foundation, as well as the cell size, are known. To calculate the weight of the reinforcement, it is enough for builders to look at the weight of the bar in the table of the weight of the reinforcement bar of the corresponding diameter.
Pipeline accessories
Today, maintenance of any industrial and domestic facilities is not possible without a pipeline system. A significant role in the smooth operation of the pipeline is played by various devices that allow you to control the flow of liquid, gaseous, powder and other substances. Pipe fittings perform such functions as: intensity control, supply, shutdown, mixing, moving various raw materials through the pipeline.
Classification of pipe fittings
Pipe fittings are classified according to several criteria:
- Intended purpose: regulatory, safety, locking, distribution and mixing.
- Scope and conditions of application: general technical and special.
- Principle of action: controlled and autonomous.
- The design of the connecting nozzles: flange, flange, coupling, welded.
- The method of moving the regulating and locking element: valve, valve, shutter, crane.
- Conditional pass: small, medium and large.
- Conditional pressure: vacuum, absolute pressure, small, medium, high and ultrahigh pressure.
Most often, when laying the pipeline, locking devices made of brass and cast iron are used. To choose the right mechanism, when ordering, you must familiarize yourself with all the characteristics of the valve, including a table of the weight of the valve.