Everyone knows that water supply and sewerage in private homes are the main systems, without which it is impossible to create comfortable living conditions. Taking into account the fact that at present only 5% of Russian residents have the possibility of using a centralized sewage system and water supply in a house or a cottage, a significant number of house owners prefer to equip autonomous type engineering systems.
The main stages of the device for water supply and sewerage of private houses
The principle of the plumbing and sewage system is as follows. The first thing that begins to equip a private house is to choose a source that supplies water for drinking. As a rule, you can use two options: build a well or drill a well. After the source of water supply is selected, they proceed to the drafting. The water supply and sewage system in private-type houses must be carried out in the following sequence:
- well drilling (when an artesian well is selected , there is a need for a caisson);
- installation of automation and pump;
- water distribution; which pipes to prefer for water supply, depends primarily on the project budget, as well as on operating conditions;
- installation of filters, which will make it possible to provide residents of the house with drinking water with high quality;
- installation of sewage;
- service engineering systems.
The principle of the plumbing
When working on a project for a water supply system, you should definitely consider the depth of the well, the amount of water used, and other significant factors. In addition, the water supply system must provide the required pressure force, have reliable protection against undesirable environmental influences, and carry out high-quality cleaning of water from harmful impurities.
Installation of a water supply system
The construction of an internal water supply system with own efforts is gaining more and more popularity every year. A wide selection of tools and materials makes it possible to perform work in an optimally short time. In addition, you can arrange wells or drill wells. Wells are more popular than concrete wells, thanks to the rapid creation and lower cost. Wells from sand are clogged to the second aquifer, artesian - to layers lying deeper. In order to pump water, the presence of submersible pumps is required. When groundwater is located higher, you can use surface- type pumps , which are installed without fail in the house. Installation of tanks for accumulation will provide an opportunity to insure yourself in case of interruptions in the operation of the water supply system.
The photo below shows a diagram of the water supply and sewage.
The technological process of laying water supply and sewage
Thermal insulation of pipes is important for water supply . Therefore, the line is either insulated to the desired state with foam polystyrene covers using stone wool, or buried to a level that is not accessible for freezing. The principle of the water supply device is the laying of pipes made of steel and plastic. For the sewer system, the latter option is most often used. Characteristics of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene satisfy the conditions of strength, environmental friendliness, suitability for repair, safety. The surface of the pipes inside is smooth, which reduces the accumulation of dirt, increases the period between repairs.
Types of pipes used in the system
Laying the sewage of current lines is independently carried out from products with a diameter of 150 mm, 110 mm. For water supply, a diameter of 32 mm is used. Pressure sewer is created from 50 mm pipes, since a constant pressure helps to improve the ability of the flow to self-clean. At the same time, the amount of work with the earth is reduced, and it becomes more convenient to clean the mains from the wells for inspection.
Construction of water supply communications from the outside
While working on the project, the relief, the size of the site, the principle of the water supply system, as well as the sewage system are taken into account, which regulates the isolation of the erected objects from housing, roads, sections located nearby, reservoirs, rivers, old trees. Water supply networks outside the sewer system can be laid at the stage of the pit, basement, upon completion of the box structure.
The water supply and sewage systems of houses should be optimally suitable for repair, otherwise the volume of work with the land will increase sharply, and the maintenance of the systems will become uncomfortable. In the first option, a cushion made of gravel and sand will be enough to protect against forces causing swelling, additional insulation, which will guarantee against freezing when the operation is seasonal. For the sewer system, prefabricated wells are required for inspection. The tray is installed at the bottom of the pit, tied with pipes if there is a hole in the well.
When sewers are arranged on the territory of a site with a large area, the principle of its operation can be based on septic tanks or aeration tanks (biological cleaning methods). Aerotanks - although expensive and depend on energy, are becoming more and more popular every year in villages with cottages.