Civil service is ... Federal Law 79-FZ "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation"

The activities of any state are realized thanks to the authorities that exist in it. This principle was deduced when people began to found empires. After all, it is very difficult to control peoples when they are completely different from each other.

To ensure the stability and prosperity of the state, the administrative apparatus was invented. Paradoxical as it may seem, the structures of government were known in ancient Egypt. The pharaoh had subordinate special bodies that greatly facilitated his "reign."

If you look at the Russian Federation in the prism of modernity, you can see that its organizational structure is very similar to those ancient mechanisms for exercising power. Over the centuries, people in every possible way have modernized the control apparatus, which led to the achievement of a level of ideality. Nevertheless, the coordination of the state is carried out by its bodies. Therefore, a lot of time and money is devoted to their study. Management is carried out at the expense of civil services of a state nature, the essence of which will be disclosed later in the article.

The history of public service in Russia until the 15th century

Many people do not understand the essence when they talk about the civil service of the Russian Federation. This fact can be called negative, as it indicates a crisis of the legal culture of the population. Experts advise to understand what civil service is, not only read Federal Law 79 “On the State Civil Service”, but also analyze the history of this activity.

Service for the good of the state was formed in its infancy in the days of the Old Russian kingdom. Initially, the princes and governing bodies created by them acted as a counterbalance to each other. This is due to the fact that many people wanted to gain access to power, because the post of prince was already taken. The best way was the bodies of "help to the ruler." But after some time, the princes and his civil service bodies began to work “together”.

Imperial Civil Service

Despite the development of bureaucracy in Russia at that time, the orders of the current rulers did not have the correct regulatory mechanism, which appeared only after the reforms of Peter I.

In fact, it is from this time that the history of the civil service in Russia begins. A significant breakthrough in the legislative framework of this area was the creation of the Table of Ranks. It contained provisions that previously limited the rights of the unprivileged sections of society.

Nevertheless, according to the report card, every ordinary person got the opportunity to become a nobleman, giving his life to the service of his homeland. Also, a major breakthrough was the division of the entire civil service into three components: military, law enforcement and civilian. This principle is used in the legislation of Russia to this day.

Modern period

Today, the state civil service is this is an activity of a professional nature in the exercise of the powers of federal state bodies, as well as the work of those who actually replace federal state posts. The types of posts considered to be civil service are regulated by the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

In simple terms, the civil service is an activity not related to law enforcement or defense, aimed at the implementation of the functions of the country's authorities. In other words, the essence of the civil service lies in the fact that through it the apparatus control of the country is carried out. This type of state activity has legislative regulation, which will be discussed later in the article.

What activities are considered civilian?

According to the constitution and the law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, solely the activities of individual bodies are considered civilian, namely:

• activities of the Presidential Administration;
• the activities of the Federal Government of Russia;
• the work of executive bodies, from ministries to territorial departments;
• activities of courts and regional ministries.

Other bodies cannot be included in the list, because civil service regulation is carried out exclusively at the legislative level. Therefore, any changes require compliance with a certain rulemaking procedure.

Normative acts regulating the work of the service

As we have already found out, the civil service is an activity whose purpose is to carry out the functions of the state in the field of departmental management and coordination of authorities. It has a developed regulatory system, which consists of the following acts:

1. Federal Law "On the Civil Service System". This act outlines the basic concepts and principles of building a civil service in Russia. It is in this law that the principle of dividing the service into three main types is fixed.
2. The second act is special, this is Federal Law 79 “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”. It describes in detail all aspects of the civil service, provides the rights and obligations of employees, the procedure for employment in the service, etc. The law is a special act, therefore, its norms are of paramount importance for all public service employees. However, the process of employees performing their activities is regulated not by the Federal Law "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation", but by the Labor Code.

In addition to those presented by the NA, the civil service regulatory system has other legal sources. There is a subordinate regulatory framework that governs the activities of individual lines and civil service entities, for example, presidential decrees and government decrees.

Civil service. Posts

Absolutely all civil service bodies have a clearly defined structure. Unlike private commercial organizations, it is unchanged because it is spelled out in the law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”. The staff is distributed by position depending on the personal characteristics of each employee, but more on that later. There are only four main categories of posts, which, in turn, are divided into groups:

1. The first category is the heads of bodies and structural divisions. Such persons not only coordinate the work, but are also responsible for the quality of functioning of these bodies and units in the process of implementing the tasks. The category of leaders is divided into three main groups.
2. According to the Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, the category of assistants or advisers was created for all kinds of assistance to managers in the process of fulfilling their functional tasks.
3. The third category is represented by specialists. It is these employees who directly perform and realize the functions of state civil services on a professional basis.
4. Specialists are people who work for organizational, documentary, financial, economic, informational and other types of support for the activities of civilian bodies.

The exact name and structure of posts can be seen in the decree of the President of Russia, which exists in the form of a “Register of posts of the state civil service of the Russian Federation”.

Cool ranks

In accordance with the state law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, a certain rank corresponds to each post. A class rank, or rank, is a special rank that is assigned to a public servant in accordance with the position held by him, according to the results of a special qualification exam. The rank remains with the civil servant for life. In addition to this, a bonus is paid for such titles, and privileges are also awarded. The amount of remuneration for the rank is determined by presidential decrees.

There are times when the qualification rank, or rather the procedure for its assignment, does not require a proficiency test. These employees include the following categories:

• Replacing categories of posts "leader" of the highest group.
• The substitute civil service positions are the “assistant,” appointed by the president of Russia.
• Replacements for which the Government of the Russian Federation appoints and removes.

It should be noted that the filling of a civil service post of one type or another is based on peremptory norms of regulatory legislation.

How to become a civil servant?

To become a civil servant, it is necessary to meet certain requirements established by the federal law on civil service, as well as pass a competitive test of a competitive type. The main requirements for admission to the position of civil servant are the following:

• Coming of age.
• Proficiency in the state language.
• Compliance with qualification requirements.

The last component is determined through a competition held in two stages.

Qualification Competition Stages

1. At the first stage, the body that conducts the competition must report it to the media. Thus, everyone can come at the appointed time to the place of direct location of the body that issued the announcement, with the necessary package of documents.
2. At the second stage, competitive selection of all candidates is carried out. Qualification analysis is carried out on the basis of the documents that the citizen submitted, as well as statements about his labor activity, military service, etc. As for exams, it all depends on the decision of the qualification commission. They can be held in the form of interviews, questionnaires, testing, discussions, etc. After they are held, the commission decides by voting whether to accept a candidate for the service or not.

Cases when the exam is not conducted

If you carefully analyze Federal Law No. 79 “On the State Civil Service”, then it is possible to highlight the moments when a qualification exam is not conducted when a candidate is accepted for service, namely:

• upon appointment to the post of leader, adviser;
• upon appointment to the post of leader, which is carried out by the president or government;
• upon conclusion of a fixed-term service contract;
• upon appointment of a candidate who is already a member of the civil service reserve.

Salaries of employees

The Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation” (79th number) does not give clear instructions on remuneration for employees. The average wage may vary, because it depends on many parameters that affect its size. In this case, statements about it are absolutely not recorded anywhere. Nevertheless, the average salary of a civil servant varies within 57 thousand rubles.

Conclusion

So, analyzing all the data presented in the article, we can conclude that the state civil service is one of the main types of activity in modern Russia, which ensures the smooth operation of the country's government. We also examined the main features of this type of service.