Social laws are an expression of the necessary, essential connection of social phenomena. They determine the relationship between individuals and their associations, manifested in activity. Social laws apply to all spheres of human life. Consider their features.
General information
Social security and social protection are among the key areas of public policy. They provide assistance to needy citizens. The state acts as a guarantor of the preservation and realization of the rights of each member of society. Social security and social protection are regulated by special regulations. They determine the circle of subjects to whom assistance is provided, the conditions and procedure for receiving it.
Signs of regulations
Social laws have general and specific characteristics. In particular, the rules come into force only under strictly agreed, certain conditions. When they come with social laws are valid without exception and time limits. Along with this, the conditions themselves are realized approximately and partially.
The concept of social laws
The basic scheme of regulation of relations in society is quite simple and quite distinguishable. Meanwhile, experts agree that it is rather difficult to detect and investigate social laws. This is due to the presence of many conditions, their specifics, their interweaving and overlapping. People in accordance with the laws form the conditions of their lives and activities, apply the rules under the influence of new circumstances. Repeatability is realized due to the specifics of each individual situation that arises in society.
Classification
Laws are distinguished by time of action. General rules apply to all social systems. Specific norms are limited to one or several social structures. The norms are also distinguished by the degree of generality. So, for example, there are laws that characterize the formation of the social sphere as a whole. There are norms that determine the development of individual components of the system (nations, groups, classes, etc.). Also, laws differentiate according to the method of manifestation. They can be statistical or dynamic.
Characteristic
Dynamic laws determine the forms, factors, directions of social changes. They record an unambiguous, rigid connection of events in specific circumstances. Statistical laws reflect key areas of process change while maintaining stability in the system. These norms determine the connection of phenomena and events not rigidly, but with a certain degree of probability.
Types
Dynamic laws can be functional and causal. The latter reinforce strictly determinate relations of the development of social phenomena. Functional laws express the observed and repeated interdependencies between events. Statistical standards can also be different. In particular, the laws of development are highlighted. They regulate relations related to the satisfaction of increasing cultural and material needs, the formation of self-government, etc. The laws of functioning are also related to statistics.
The regulatory framework in the Russian Federation
One of the key legal acts in the field of assistance to needy citizens is the Law on the Basics of Social Services (Federal Law No. 442). This document defines the basic rules for assisting those in need, the duties and rights of individuals and authorized bodies. In addition, the Law on Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities is in force in the Russian Federation. This category of citizens is at risk, and therefore the implementation and protection of their rights are under the close scrutiny of the state. The Law "On Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities" regulates the procedure for acquiring the appropriate status, establishes a list of benefits and material assistance, and determines the conditions for their receipt. The Law on Social Support for Large Families is also in force in the country. The regulatory act also establishes the conditions for obtaining status, the rules for obtaining assistance. These and other documents are aimed at maintaining the proper quality of life for unprotected layers of citizens.
Principles
Social services for the population are based on the observance of interests and human rights, respect for the honor and dignity of the individual. It has a humane character. Social services are provided when the following principles are implemented:
- Providing free and equal access to services to citizens regardless of gender, age, race, religion, place of residence, membership of social groups and other circumstances.
- Targeting assistance.
- The proximity of service providers to the place of residence of their recipients, the sufficiency of the number of organizations, financial, human, material and technical and information resources to meet the needs of citizens.
- Ensuring the preservation of the stay of people in the usual favorable conditions.
- Confidentiality.
- Volunteering
Recognizing a person in need
A citizen receives appropriate status in the presence of circumstances that could worsen or worsen the conditions of his life and work. These factors include:
- Partial or complete loss of the ability / ability to move independently, to carry out self-care, to satisfy their key needs due to injury, age, illness, disability.
- The presence in the family of disabled persons, including minors, in need of constant care. It is, in particular, about the disabled, children with disabilities.
- Lack of work and money to meet basic needs.
- Presence of minors under guardianship / guardianship, including those experiencing difficulties with adaptation in society.
- The inability to provide care (temporary or permanent) for children / children, persons with disabilities.
- The presence of violence or conflict within the family, including with persons with alcohol / drug addiction, who are addicted to gambling, suffering from mental disorders.
- The lack of a place of residence, including for a citizen who has not reached 23 years of age and who has ended up staying in an institution for orphans and children without parental care.
- The presence of other circumstances that, in accordance with regulatory enactments of the Russian Federation, are considered capable of worsening or worsening the living conditions and activities of people.
Recognition of a citizen in need of social services is carried out by an authorized body of regional authority. The applicant must be notified of the decision within five days from the date of filing the application. The subject may be denied the application. A citizen, in turn, has the right to appeal such a decision in court.
Types of services
Citizens recognized as needy may receive the following assistance:
- Social and domestic. It is aimed at maintaining an appropriate standard of living and life.
- Socio-medical. It is focused on maintaining the health of citizens. Such assistance is implemented by providing assistance in carrying out preventive measures, organizing care, systematic monitoring of the face for the timely detection of violations and health disorders.
- Socio-psychological. Such assistance includes measures aimed at correcting the mental state of citizens for adaptation in society. She may turn out anonymously on the helpline.
- Socio-pedagogical. This type of assistance is aimed at preventing deviations in the development and behavior of the individual, the formation of positive interest.
- Social and labor. It is aimed at attracting citizens to work, solving various problems arising in the professional sphere.
Other types of assistance may be provided to him depending on the specific needs of the subject.