The construction of the base for roofing is considered the smallest in terms of volume of work in the list of major construction activities. The foundation, the construction of walls and partitions usually require great effort and material investment. Nevertheless, the roof is an essential component in the construction of any building, so you should approach the implementation of this event responsibly. Loads in the form of precipitation, gusts of wind and other mechanical influences can violate the tightness and integrity of the roof. Therefore, you should carefully approach the creation of the foundation on which the roof will be fixed in the future. The installation of rafters and lathing is considered by specialists as the most significant stage on which the reliability of the roofing depends. There are different approaches to the installation of this part of the structure, the choice of which is largely determined by the characteristics of the final flooring.
Installation of rafters
Even a well-installed crate will not provide the necessary load-bearing function if it was mounted on a weak rafter system. Therefore, it is important to mount it correctly.
First of all, Mauerlat is attached - beams, which will serve as the basis for the sections of the structure. The best option involves the use of a one-piece Mauerlat, fixed with anchor bolts. Further, the rafter legs are fixed to the installed elements . Then you can start assembling the sections. The choice of the configuration of their location and mounting between themselves is determined by what the installation of the roof lathing of the house will be.
Based on the general plan, a drawing is made, after which the structure is assembled on the ground. The finished system must be raised to the roof - this is usually done by means of a winch. When one of the sides is pressed to the base of the building as much as possible, it can be freed from the cables and fixed with ties and crossbars. The basis of the fastening will be the corners with bolts that will allow you to securely fix the rafters to the Mauerlat.
Roofing membrane
A common mistake of many inexperienced roofers is to ignore isolation measures. The tightness of the roof, the lack of dampness in the attic and the general comfort of the rooms depend on the quality of this stage. After installing the rafters, you can begin to lay the appropriate protective materials. Regardless of the technique by which the crate will be installed, the structure can be insulated at the bottom using superdiffusion membranes. This layer will provide vapor permeability and waterproofing. But it may not be the only roofing material - sometimes membranes are supplemented with insulation. The very process of laying such a coating is not particularly difficult. The membrane is supplied in the form of rolls, which are spread out at the workplace and laid over the entire area of the rafters. Strips can be lapped and fixed using glue or special hardware.
The nuances of choosing wood for the crate
The selection of materials for the supporting structure under the roof should be approached carefully, and this is especially true for wood. It is desirable that the installation of the lathing be made of coniferous material, for example, of spruce and pine. It is an easy-to-process wood that provides flexibility and strength during the operation of the roof. It is important to consider the type of material. Of course, the first category would be an ideal choice, but if financial opportunities preclude such an acquisition, then you can limit yourself to the second grade. However, such structural elements should first be treated with antiseptics.
Another significant selection parameter is humidity. If protection in the form of a plasterboard coating is expected from the inside, then wood with a moisture content of not more than 20% can be used. If it is planned to install the crate, part of which will have direct access to air, then the use of wood with a moisture content of more than 20% is not excluded.
Installation of the crate for siding
For the installation of siding panels, it is worth choosing a wooden crate. This choice is justified by the flexibility of the material, which will not allow the external coating to deform. In the process of installing the elements, it is important to maintain uniformity, that is, all rails should be in the same plane. The fastening itself is carried out by suspension brackets or ordinary nails. If the base has irregularities, then you can adjust the position of the frame using wedges. As a rule, the installation of the crate for siding is performed with a step of elements of 20-30 cm. But in each case, this distance should be calculated individually. The larger the working area, the longer the indentation - this is the basic rule that guides roofers in such design.
Installation of the lathing under the metal tile
The complexity of the device frame for metal is due to the fact that the profiles can have different corrugations and sizes. By the way, siding in this sense is more standardized. If you plan a continuous crate, it is better to use boards with parameters 3.2 x 10 cm or bars 5 x 5 cm. Fixation is made close to the base with a step of 10 cm. Such a short indent is due to the fact that corrugated board is one of the heaviest roofing materials . Accordingly, the installation of the lathing under the metal tile should take into account high loads on the structure. For fastening, you can use nails with a thickness of 3 mm, while their length should be two times the cross-section of the board. A feature of mounting the frame under the metal tile is the widespread presence of metal fittings for fasteners. Various brackets and corners, serving as an additional means of fastening, are most common in roofs of a large area. If you plan a standard gable system for a small house, then it is quite possible to do with slats, which are fastened with a frequent step using nails.
Installation of the crate under the soft roof
The device of a soft roof can be called the most demanding and even capricious kind of such work. This material is laid on a flat continuous flooring, so the crate will be performed in two stages. The frame is mounted first. Its features will be a frequent step of rails and extreme accuracy. Next, a smooth protective coating is formed, on which the soft roof will later lie. If the installation of the roof lathing can be carried out using the same bars and battens, then chipboard, plywood or other wood-shaving material with similar characteristics should be used as additional flooring. The main thing is that initially the design of the rafters was well insulated. In addition, the ends of the base should be rounded to ensure a smooth transition of the decorative roof.
Features of the installation of a plastic crate
Usually, metal is considered as an alternative material for the lathing device. Wood does not always allow to achieve the necessary strength, so it is replaced with profile elements. However, in some cases, a plastic crate is also acceptable, the installation of which involves some differences, but in general the fixing technique remains the same. Fixing is carried out through special holes in the elements using bolts or screws. But the peculiarity of the plastic panels for the lathing is that their design makes it possible to more securely attach to the rafters using a groove system. There are different models of such elements that should be selected specifically for the needs of a particular roof.
Installation of counter-lattice
By design, this kind of lathing is largely reminiscent of a traditional frame formed by slats or boards. Its principal difference lies in the additional strengthening of the system due to the isolation of roofing material. It was already noted that the design should provide for the presence of a heater and a vapor-tight membrane. But in this case, the function of protective under-roof barriers is enhanced. That is, first roofing material or other material with similar properties is laid, and then installing the crate on the rafters on top of the insulating flooring. The configuration of the arrangement of elements can be both sparse and continuous. The main thing is to provide sufficient space under the roof to prevent condensation. This is especially important when fixing wooden slats, on which the accumulating moisture is destructive.
Conclusion
A variety of materials for creating a roofing coating defines the requirements for both the rafter system and the supporting frame. In turn, the installation of the crate cannot be performed without taking into account operational requests for the final coating. For example, metal decks require a higher degree of structural reinforcement. In this case, it is important to provide quality material to create a crate that can withstand atmospheric influences. For siding, on the contrary, physical strength is not so important, and the flexibility of the frame comes to the fore, which is provided by correctly selected rails.