During the construction of a country house, almost all masters think not only about which brick to choose, but also the design of the load-bearing wall, but also about how to calculate the thickness of the brick wall in order to correctly calculate the consumption of materials intended for the construction of a residential building. This is what will be discussed in this article.
general information
Before calculating the wall thickness, it is worth paying attention to the fact that depending on which brick you prefer, hollow or solid, the width will be different. That is why the calculation of the brick required for the construction can vary greatly. So, a solid brick has high strength, however, in terms of thermal insulation properties, it is inferior to many building materials.
When calculating the wall thickness of a house under construction, it should be taken into account that, for example, at an outside temperature of -30 ° , building structures made of solid brick are laid out in 64 centimeters (about 2.5 bricks). For this air temperature, the wall thickness of wooden beams is 16-18 centimeters.
That is why to reduce the total consumption of material, reduce the loads on the foundation and to reduce the mass of the structure, hollow (hole or slotted) bricks are often used, or solid, however with voids. In addition, they use different heat-insulating materials, plasters, and backfill.
What else do you need to know when calculating wall thickness? It was already mentioned above that the laying of solid brick would be economically inexpedient. For example, for a three-room apartment with a wall thickness of 64 centimeters, about 25 thousand pieces of bricks will be needed, the total weight of which is 80-100 tons. Of course, this will be only an approximate example of calculating the wall thickness, but the number, expressed in tons, is staggering to many.
And this applies only to the outer walls. And taking into account the volume that is necessary for internal partitions, the building will actually turn into a brick warehouse with a very bulky foundation.
What to look for?
Before calculating how thick a brick wall should be, it is also important to consider that such structures have a considerable thermal inertia. Thus, enough time is needed for them to warm up well and then cool. The thicker the wall, the more time it will take to warm up. The air temperature in the room does not change much during the day. For this reason, for a brick house, which was built of high-grade brick, it will be necessary to correctly calculate not only what wall thickness should be, but also the material for the heating system.
This is a huge plus of a brick wall. But thermal inertia is not always favorable for those cottages that have the ability to be operated seasonally. Strongly frozen walls in such residential premises will warm up for a long time. In addition, sudden changes in air temperature often provoke condensation in the building. For this reason, as a rule, similar houses are sheathed additionally with boards.
So, we turn to the question of what is the formula for calculating the wall thickness depending on the type of brick. It is not difficult to calculate, because there is a special table for this, where, depending on the specific type of brick, wall structures, as well as air temperature, the corresponding thickness of the house structure is calculated. The thickness of the brick wall according to GOST is also determined - 51 cm.
Various brick structures, as well as the determination of their thickness will be described later.
Silicate, clay and solid brick
As you know, there are many different masonry walls. Let us consider separately the calculation of the wall thickness for each of them.
With internal plaster
In the case of continuous masonry with internal plaster, the thickness will be as follows:
- for temperature + 4 ° - wall thickness 30 cm;
- for temperature -5 ° - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperature -10 ° - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperature -20 ° - wall thickness 51 cm;
- for temperature -30 ° - wall thickness 64 cm.
With air gap
Optimum brick wall thickness with air gap:
- for temperatures from -20 ° to -30 ° - wall thickness 42 cm;
- for temperatures from -30 ° to -40 ° - wall thickness 55 cm;
- for temperatures from -40 ° to -50 ° - wall thickness 68 cm.
With external and internal insulation
The masonry is continuous with external plate heaters, the thickness of which is 5 centimeters, and there is also internal plaster:
- for temperatures from -20 ° to -30 ° - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperatures from -30 ° to -40 ° - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -40 ° to -50 ° - wall thickness 51 cm.
The thickness of the external brick wall with continuous masonry with internal insulation using thermal insulation boards having a thickness of about 10 centimeters:
- for temperatures from -20 ° to -25 ° - wall thickness 25 cm;
- for temperatures from -30 ° to -35 ° - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -40 ° to -50 ° - wall thickness 51 cm.
Well masonry
Well masonry with mineral filling, volumetric mass - 1400 kg / m3 and with internal plaster:
- for temperatures from -10 ° to -20 ° - wall thickness 38 cm;
- for temperatures from -25 ° to -35 ° - wall thickness 51 cm;
- for temperatures from -35 ° to -50 ° - wall thickness 64 cm.
Clay hollow brick
Now consider the standard wall thickness of hollow clay bricks:
- Masonry with external and internal plaster, with an air gap of about 5 centimeters. At an air temperature from -15 ° to -25 ° - the wall thickness is 29 cm, at an air temperature from -25 ° to -35 ° - a wall thickness is 42 cm, at an air temperature from -40 ° to -50 ° C - wall thickness 55 cm.
- Solid masonry with internal plaster. At an air temperature of about -10 ° C - wall thickness of 25 cm, at an air temperature of about -20 ° C - wall thickness of 38 cm, at an air temperature of about -35 ° C - wall thickness of 51 cm.
In centimeters, the wall thickness is indicated, taking into account vertical seams with a width of 1 centimeter. In addition, horizontal seams are also made 1 cm thick if clay and lime were added to the solution. If there were no additives, then the thickness of the horizontal joints should be 1.2 centimeters. The largest thickness of the seams is 1.5 centimeters, and the smallest - 0.8 centimeters.
In the case of the construction of brick walls, often use cement-lime, cement-clay, cement-sand mortar. At the same time, it is worth paying attention to the fact that the latter is very hard, therefore, dough based on clay and lime is added to it.
This calcareous dough is prepared by quenching lime pieces of water in a special creating pit. Then the mixture is left for 15 days. Clay dough is prepared by soaking pieces of clay for 3-5 days in water.
After soaking, the mixture mixes well with water, and then filtered. All residual water then merges. The resulting dough can be stored for a long time. A solution intended for masonry is prepared before starting the work itself.
For facade cladding, the front ceramic brick is considered the best.
What is the thickness of the wall in the house?
Brick walls have several advantages over other building materials, for example, high strength and low thermal conductivity. But all qualities can be "lost" if the wall has a thickness that is not optimal for specific conditions.
Wall thickness is an important indicator that affects not only the quality factor of the entire building structure, but also consumer characteristics, that is, functionality, the degree of noise, heat, vibration isolation.
To reveal the thickness of a brick wall is simple. According to the standard, all walls have a thickness that is a multiple of half the length of a brick - 12 centimeters. Names depend on the same parameter. Use the following terms:
- in half a brick;
- one and a half bricks;
- in one brick.
In a half-brick, the wall has a thickness of about 12 centimeters, in one brick the wall is 25 centimeters, in one and a half bricks it is 38 centimeters, and in 2 bricks the wall has a thickness of 51 centimeters. A slight discrepancy between the numbers and those that are multiples of 12 - 24.36 and 48 is explained by the fact that concrete can be located between two layers of brick. The outer walls and load-bearing walls of the building are 1.5 bricks or more. All partitions are carried out in half or a quarter of brick.
The construction of brick walls in 1 brick from the economic side is beneficial. But it is not allowed to build such walls in every place, because there is a sharp seasonal temperature drop. In this case, additional facade masonry with the use of a heat-insulating layer is used.
Thickness calculation
All calculated manipulations of the thickness of a brick wall are done depending on the size of a simple red brick:
- brick width 120 mm;
- brick length 250 millimeters;
- the thickness of the brick is 65 millimeters.
Simple red brick has a weight of about 3.2 kilograms. Thus, 1 cubic meter of it weighs about 1800 kilograms. During the calculation, the climatic features of the area are also taken into account. If in winter the air temperature reaches -25 degrees below zero, then in this case the width of the outer walls should be 51 or 64 centimeters. But if an insulating outer material is used, then it is allowed to make a wall whose thickness is 25 centimeters.
If you know such a feature of this building material, then you can easily calculate the material consumption for building a house.
Example
Consider the example of building a house in the area where severe frosts are observed in the winter. The walls in this case will be erected without any insulation layer. The wall thickness should be about 51 centimeters. This suggests that the masonry should be carried out in 2 bricks.
Knowing the parameters of the wall, that is, the height and length of all the walls, it is possible to find out their area. For example, two walls will be 5 meters in length, and two more walls - 3 meters. The height of the walls is 3 meters, then:
5x3 + 5x3 + 3x3 + 3x3 = 48 square meters.
Next, we find the area of only one brick. Masonry is carried out in 2 bricks (51 centimeters), as mentioned earlier, so the area of the brick is found by the following formula: width multiplied by height, that is:
0.12x0.065 = 0.0078 square meters.
Now after these calculations, you can find the number of bricks for building walls: the total area divided by the area of the brick and multiplied by 2. As a result of this, we get the following calculation:
48 / 0,0078x2 = 12307 pieces of bricks.
We multiply this amount by the weight of the brick, as a result of which we get the weight of all the walls in the house:
12307x302 = 39390 kilograms.
Knowing that 1 cubic meter of bricks weighs about 1800 kilograms, it will be easy to calculate the required amount of material:
39390/1800 = 22 cubic meters.
If you know the price of 1 cubic meter of bricks, then you can easily calculate the total cost of building such a wall. This will save on the purchase of excess material.