Technical undergrounds are premises located, as a rule, in the lower part of a residential building, where all communications are located, and the necessary engineering equipment is also located. Technical underground is such a technical room, which is located underground. For a residential building, the arrangement of basements or squares located between the floors of the entire structure is also characteristic.
general information
Basements can be considered technical undergrounds only if they comply with all building codes and individual rules during the construction of a house. SNiP provides a clear definition for each type of room in the basement of a residential building.
The difference between the technical underground and the basement can be very significant for home owners. The underground is not taken into account during the cadastral inspection and valuation, and therefore it will not be taxed.
In order to understand how the technical underground differs from the basement, it is necessary to thoroughly study the legal area of this issue, the relevant standards that are used by technical inspections during the assessment of the premises of the building. And now it’s worth more familiarizing yourself with the main concept of the article.
Definition of a technical underground
Based on the approved project of the house, where all the necessary parameters, as well as the characteristics of the premises, are written, the technical underground is equipped and equipped. It should be noted that the technical underground in the apartment building can be in quite a large number. Basements are often given under them.
Storeys
For ordinary high-rise buildings, underground spaces are often given away under the ground floor, they can also be connected to the basement.
If there are more than 16 floors in a residential building, then the availability of technical premises after 50 meters will be a prerequisite. This is due to the fact that it is mandatory to control the pressure under hydrostatic pressure in the water supply and heating system of a residential building.
At the same time, all technical rooms are delimited with the living area of the house, equipment is placed there in order to ensure the livelihoods of residential apartments with their respective communal needs.
Indoor Equipment
Typical underground equipment should include the following: pipes designed to supply heat and water to residential apartments, sewage, electrical panels, boiler rooms, ventilation, air conditioning and pumps, machine sectors aimed at servicing elevators in the building.
The height of the technical underground is selected depending on the equipment that will be placed there, but at the same time it must be no less than the norm established by law. All the load from the devices and the operation of the units should be calculated on the basis of design documents.
All utility systems, as well as communications, including ventilation of the technical underground, are located in the lower zone of the building, sometimes under the roof. The strong noise from the operation of the equipment can cause severe discomfort for those living in a residential building, as well as a noticeable vibration, which will not affect the well-being of the apartment owners in the best way.
For this reason, during the equipment of the premises in the technical underground, it is necessary to carry out high-quality sound insulation, equip the equipment support with shock-absorbing systems, mounting specialized materials aimed at absorbing vibrations.
The entire area of the technical premises and the equipment in it belong to the so-called common property of all residents living in the house. However, the entrances and exits to the technical underground must also be presented to the managing organization to which the apartment building is attached for maintenance. This used floor is strictly forbidden to be transferred to one owner in the property.
Regulatory documents for construction and equipment
All rules regarding the commissioning and operation of a residential building are spelled out in the documents described below:
- SNiP 2.08.01 - the rules and norms for any building where residents live are indicated.
- SNiP 31.02 was developed and approved, which governs the premises located in single-apartment buildings.
- SNiP 31.06, designed for public buildings that border or are located in residential buildings.
- SNiP 31.01 - the rules for the operation of multi-apartment building houses are indicated. However, some amendments were made to this document in 2011, and the number changed to the following: 54.13330.
Room Dimension
Requirements for the size of the technical room, for example, to passages in the technical underground, are prescribed in the document SNiP 2.08.01-89, they apply only to residential buildings. It states that the attic, when used technically, should be at least 1.6 meters with a passage that is 1.2 meters wide. However, some configuration features allow reducing the height to 1.2 meters, and the width - to 0.9 meters.
Those basements that house heating with water supply and communications should have a height of 1.8 meters. In those places where refractory materials are used, this indicator can be changed up to 1.6 meters. The entire technical premises are divided into zones by partitions, which is explained by fire safety.
The size of each section can reach up to 500 square meters. It should be noted that all employees of the organization serving the apartment building must have round-the-clock and unhindered access to such premises.
Arrangement and height
SNiP 31.01 (from 2003) defines a technical room as a space intended for use only by a communication pipeline, while without arrangement for a residential building:
- the height in the technical underground should be at least 1.6 meters, but if a transit pipeline is laid, then the height is from 1.8 m;
- it is also necessary to organize a passage, not less than 1.2 meters wide, which is necessary for equipment maintenance and control;
- additionally make passage openings for pipes, as a rule, this is organized in the partitions of the room, taking into account the insulation layers;
- also throughout the aisle they mount artificial lighting, which must be turned on at the entrance;
- to get through the pipelines, you should equip them with special wooden bridges;
- In addition, a comfortable door should be located in the room, as well as a safe staircase;
- Due to the resulting dampness and condensation, fittings treated from corrosion should be used.
For the convenience of repair work on the pipeline, it is necessary to equip the underground room with installation passages located in the walls, as well as at the ends of the house. Their size should be at least 0.9 x 0.9 meters. This is done so that during the dismantling of pipes there is no need to destroy the entire wall of the house.
Ventilation
The premises located underground must always receive fresh air. This is equipped with window and door openings, as well as using channels designed to extract air. Mandatory availability of ventilation in the basement, which will reduce the accumulation of condensate, as well as protect the room from fires.
Each outlet should be 0.2 x 0.2 m in size, while being located at a distance of 0.4 m from the floor surface. The total number of ventilation should be such that, in terms of area, all ventilation outlets occupy at least 1/400 of the entire area of the apartment building.
In addition, it is necessary to equip isolated areas where dry air is present, supply and exhaust ventilation is installed there. Access to such premises should be unobstructed for regular inspection.
In winter, the basement is kept at a five-degree temperature above zero, preventing cooling below zero. To eliminate heat loss in the basement, it is necessary to insulate all pipes with materials that retain heat. In addition, all surfaces of floors and walls are insulated.
When condensation accumulates, it is necessary to arrange the arrangement of several additional layers for waterproofing, carefully ventilate the room through windows, lattice doors, preventing unauthorized persons or animals from entering inside.
The difference between the basement and the technical underground
What is the difference between the basement and the technical underground? The basement is considered to be the floor of the house, it is indicated in the cadastral registration. The basement in the house allows you to expand the usable area, organize either a pantry or a living room.
It should be noted that basements are allowed to be rented out. This is their main difference from the technical underground combined with a basement or built separately.
Norms among the undergrounds provide a height of 180 cm. For fire safety, at least 2 meters will be required. If you consider all the rules, you can find out that all rooms with a height of 180 cm are not floors and the difference is that they are not taken into account in the area of a residential building, and therefore will not be taxed.
Tech underground vulnerabilities
High humidity in underground rooms leads to the accumulation of moisture on the floor and other surfaces. All this causes decay of the boards, the appearance of rust on metal structures and spoils the thermal insulation. If poor drainage was made, then there is a flooding of the basement.
During the repair of basements and undergrounds, special attention should be paid to:
- poor air exchange in the basement, which becomes noticeable due to the existing musty smell there;
- ventilation malfunction, which manifests itself in the form of mold lesions and fungus surfaces;
- destruction of the thermal winding and also the waterproofing of the walls, corrosion on the metal;
- failure of electrical wiring;
- blockage in the drainage system of the basement;
- defect in the foundation and other supports under the equipment;
- the formation of gaps and cracks that allow moisture to pass through and damp, cold air from the street.
Conclusion
In some situations, during repairs, it is necessary to increase the height of the basement, put auxiliary supports for units and devices, widen the openings in the supporting walls, dig trenches or collectors to collect condensate and moisture, as well as to remove it. All these types of work are carried out according to construction agreed plans.