Grapes is a plant that is often grown on their personal plot by the owners of country houses and cottages. This is a thermophilic culture that requires proper care. One of the important issues that gardeners have to solve is the proper propagation of grapes by cuttings. The rules for this process will be described in detail below.
Benefits of Cherenkovanie
Grapes is one of the most beloved garden crops that almost every gardener wants to grow on his plot. Despite the fact that grapes are a thermophilic plant, thanks to breeding work, many varieties have been bred that can be grown not only in the south, but also in more severe climatic conditions.
At the same time, the issue of choosing planting material becomes very relevant. In order to guarantee the receipt of grape seedlings suitable for growing in this particular climatic zone and possessing all the necessary characteristics, it is best to practice self-propagation of grapes by cuttings at home. This is a very common and quite affordable way of propagating the presented culture.
The cuttings are based on the ability of this plant to form roots on shoots, both green and lignified. Planting cuttings (they are also called chubuk) are harvested from such shoots. As a result of proper harvesting, storage and germination, you can get healthy seedlings ready for application in the open air.
Harvesting cuttings
You can start propagation of grapes by cuttings at home in spring or autumn. Each method has a number of features. The material cut off in the spring well takes root. However, it is not always possible to do this in the spring. More popular among gardeners is the propagation of grapes by cuttings in the fall, during pruning of bushes.
To obtain a healthy and sustainable material, the best maternal bushes are chosen without any damage and disease. The vine should be ripe, woody and crunch when bent, without damage to the bark and with living intact kidneys. The thickness of the handle is allowed 6-10 mm.
Regarding the length of the recommendations, gardeners diverge. Some advise to harvest Chubuki 2-3 or 3-4 cm long, others insist on a length of 6-8 cm, citing the fact that long workpieces are better stored and in the spring give less waste. On cut shoots there should be from two to four kidneys (eyes). There should not be any gray, brown or dark brown spots on the bark of the harvested cuttings, and the cut should be green (if it is brown, the vine is frozen and not suitable for planting). It is advisable to harvest straight, undistorted chubuki.
Immediately after trimming, they should be soaked for half an hour in a 5% solution of iron sulfate or potassium permanganate or for a day in water, then dried and packaged.
If the cuttings are cut in the spring, before rooting, they should be soaked in water for at least three days, since during the winter they freeze moisture and dry out very much.
Storage
Proper storage of planting material cut in the fall is the key to successful propagation of grapes by cuttings. Before laying for storage, the chubuki are cleaned. Prepared shoots are bundled with soft wire or rope and stored in the basement, in a box of wet sand. You can also save cuttings in the garden in a specially dug trench up to half a meter deep.
They dig a trench in an elevated place, where there is no groundwater. A ten-centimeter layer of granular sand is poured to the bottom, the cuttings are laid horizontally and sprinkled with a layer of soil on top. With the onset of frost, the trench is covered with a layer of dry leaves, sawdust, straw or peat and covered with polyethylene.
If there are not many cuttings, they are left in the refrigerator, wrapped in a damp newspaper and laid in a plastic bag, in which it is necessary to make holes for ventilation. The bag is placed so that the material does not freeze, and its temperature and humidity are periodically monitored.
To reduce moisture loss, some gardeners recommend lowering the ends of the cuttings into melted wax or filling them with plasticine before laying them for storage. Doing this is useful, but not necessary.
If possible, it is worth checking the material monthly, discarding unusable chubuki. When the cuttings dry, they can be held in water; if mold appears, wipe them with a potassium permanganate solution.
Winter preparation for planting
Preparations begin for the propagation of grapes by cuttings in the winter in January. They are removed from the storage and sorted, leaving the chubuki without mold and mechanical damage. The selected material is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate and washed with clean water.
Then the slices are completely updated on both sides. Below the slice is a straight line, at a distance of about 10-15 mm from the kidney, from above - oblique 25 mm above the eye. Notching seedlings, you need to pay attention to the color of the wood. It should be bright green. The cross-sectional kidney should also be green and dense. Prepared cuttings are soaked, usually for a day, but not more than 48 hours. It is advisable to use filtered water by adding a growth stimulator to it. Water should cover the Chubuki completely.
After soaking for better rooting, vertical grooves are applied to the lower end of the handle with a sharp knife or needle, into which the growth stimulator is rubbed. Now the cuttings are ready for rooting. There are several methods of propagation of grapes in the presented way.
Method number 1
About 3-5 cm of water is poured into a transparent container and the cuttings are placed in it, so that the second kidney is above the edge of the dishes. It is better to add a growth stimulator to the liquid. Water is changed once a week, already without the addition of a stimulant. You can cut the bottom of the cuttings and rub in there "Kornevin."
Chubuki is placed in such a way that the lower part is warm, for example, on a battery or a heated mat, and the upper remains cool. This is necessary so that the upper green part develops more slowly than the lower and does not slow down the formation of roots.
The first leaves on the shoots will appear after about 15 days, and the roots - after 24-28 days. If a flower brush appears in the form of a tiny lamb on the handle, it should be cut with small scissors.
The roots on the chubucks usually appear at the place where the water contacts the air. Therefore, there should not be much fluid so that the seedlings do not die due to lack of air.
Method number 2
In a transparent plastic glass with a capacity of half a liter, several holes are made with an awl in the bottom. A layer of a mixture of humus and earth (one to one) about 2 cm high is poured into it. Another glass is installed in the center, with a capacity of 200 ml without a bottom.
The free distance between the walls is filled with dense soil and watered. A small glass is filled with sand. It is watered. Then a small internal container is removed. A hole four centimeters deep is made in the sand and a process is inserted into it. Sand is watered and a plastic bottle without a bottom with the cap removed is placed on top of it.
Cuttings are watered depending on humidity, once a day or even two days. A plastic bottle is removed when the roots fill the entire glass, and up to five leaves will appear on the handle.
Method 3
Propagation of grapes by cuttings can be carried out by placing them in swollen wet tablets of peat. The upper section of the chubucks is waxed. Then, cuttings with peat tablets are placed in a plastic bag and left in a dark place for three weeks, after which roots will appear on the seedlings. The advantage of this method is the germination of the roots without the appearance of leaves, which gives the seedlings additional strength and stability, as well as compactness and convenience when planting.
Before planting, you should first cut the mesh on peat tablets. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the root system.
Some gardeners replace peat tablets with wet foam. The cuttings are placed in it for ten days, until the emergence of root buds, and then they are planted in a plastic cup, as described in the second method.
Method number 4
If the gardener has an aquarium, you can use it to propagate grapes with cuttings. Prepared Chubuki is placed on a foam bridge. The lower part of the chubuk is under the foam for a couple of centimeters in the water. An aerator is used to enhance root growth. By heating the water in the aquarium to 25 degrees, you can create conditions favorable for the development of roots. At the same time, cool air on the surface will not allow leaves to develop quickly.
If desired, the aquarium can be replaced with a pan, but in a glass container it is better to observe the development of the roots.
Disembarkation in the tank
After the cuttings are rooted, they are planted in containers for growing. For this, you can use cut-off bottles made of transparent plastic. The containers are filled with a substrate prepared from a mixture of sand (2 parts), garden soil (1 part) and humus (1 part). Cuttings are planted 8-9 cm deep, very carefully so as not to damage the young roots.
Seedlings are watered about once a week, taking into account 100 g of water per cuttings. If the soil passes air well and its temperature exceeds 15 degrees, it is possible to irrigate more abundantly. In a cold room, it is recommended to water the seedlings every 15-20 days.
Outdoor planting
The next stage of propagation of grapes by cuttings in the spring is their planting in open ground. It is carried out, depending on the climatic zone, from May to June, when the threat of frost is completely excluded.
Pits under grapes about half a meter deep are dug up two weeks before the cuttings are planted. A drainage layer of gravel and crushed stone is laid at the bottom, then a couple of buckets of humus, a half kilogram of superphosphate, a kilogram of ash and sprinkled with a thin layer of fertile soil.
Half an hour before planting, the soil in the pit is moistened. A sapling with an earthen lump is placed in a pit and sprinkled with fertile soil, then with a mixture of turf land and sand in a ratio of two to one and again with fertile soil. Top mulch wood sawdust.
Cut off all the upper shoots of the seedling, leaving only two buds on it. Fulfilling all the requirements for the propagation of grapes by cuttings in the spring at home, you can get a high result.
Propagation of Girl's Grapes
Using the methods described above, it is possible to propagate maiden grapes by cuttings. This is a beautiful ornamental plant in the form of a vine. Its fruits, in contrast to garden grapes, are inedible. But it is widely used in landscape design due to its decorativeness, unpretentiousness and resistance to pests and diseases.
It is recommended to start the propagation of maiden grapes by cuttings in the spring. However, you can plant shoots throughout the summer until the fall. To do this, take shoots lignified from last year and root it using the methods described above. From the cuttings taken in the summer, the seedlings are thicker, thanks to the side shoots already on the nodes.
These recommendations allow you to get healthy, strong plants. They will give a good harvest, perform decorative functions on the infield.