A CNC woodworking machine is used to process wood, plywood, chipboard, MDF in terms of milling and engraving. The CNC unit allows you to optimize the complex processes of manufacturing furniture elements, friezes and other operations with high accuracy and speed.
Short description
A woodworking machine with CNC (numerical control) is an assembly with an intelligent unit that reads programs and controls the equipment drive. Simply put, after entering the program codes by the operator, the computer controls all the processes. By type, aggregates are divided into:
- Combined options.
- Models for working with threads.
- Modifications that process not only wood, but also plastic, stone, metal.
With the advent in the manufacture of CNC equipment, the wood processing process, including the manufacture of any carved elements, is significantly facilitated, the accuracy and speed of work increases, while the cost compared to manual processing is an order of magnitude lower.
Features
CNC woodworking machines for wood are often used for cutting through workpieces. For example, it is very easy to mill MDF, even to the entire height of the part in one pass of the cutter. Other materials, depending on density and other characteristics, require several processing attempts.
Products made using such equipment have high accuracy and quality of processing (for example, in the manufacture of parquet boards). The disadvantages include the fact that, at high speeds, the place drank a characteristic of light burning. In addition, on a CNC unit, it is difficult to get sharp edges of engraving lines (rounding remains equal to the radius of the cutter).
Scope of application
CNC woodworking machine is used to perform complex and time-consuming work. Equipment is used in the serial production of furniture, facades, doors and linings, parquet, decorative elements, outdoor advertising parts.
In addition, a CNC woodworking milling machine is used to manufacture the following products:
- Baluster and other curly details for the stairs.
- Items and facades of furniture.
- Carved frames for mirrors, paintings, wall clocks.
- Wooden icons.
- Baguettes, brackets, linings.
- Items with artistic carvings.
The complexity and cost of woodcarving is determined by the characteristics of the product itself. The smaller and more complex the details of the patterns, the higher the price of the finished product.
Features of some modifications
The CNC-3520-1R-350 CNC woodworking milling machine is equipped with a solid welded bed, which provides reliable stability even when processing massive and heavy products. On this equipment, you can perform three-dimensional threading on the radial areas of workpieces with a large diameter and a maximum length of up to 2 thousand millimeters.
Model 1318-3HR-300 is a three-spindle machine for turning and milling workpieces up to one and a half meters long and 25 cm in diameter. The adjustable tailstock makes it possible to quickly switch from flat milling to turning and vice versa.
Modifications of CNC machines can be equipped with vacuum tables, several spindles, laser equipment and combine various tools, which allows you to process several parts at once, perform various processes and high-precision engraving.
General characteristics
The technical characteristics that a CNC woodworking machine has depend on its equipment, dimensions, additional functionality, and the manufacturer. Consider the main indicators of some modifications.
Machine "Art Master 315 Racer":
- The unit is equipped with a vacuum table.
- Has an automatic waste disposal device.
- There is a rotary magazine for automatic change of cutters (4 pcs.).
- Compressed air supply pressure - not less than 6 kgf / sq. cm.
- The operating voltage is 220 V.
- There is a pneumatic device for placing the workpiece, a scanner.
Assembly CNC-1500-1R:
- Spindle specifications - 2.2 kW, water cooling.
- The guiding elements are round, located along the Z axes.
- Power supply - 220 V.
- Ball screw transmission on all axes.
- The maximum indicator for the dimensions of the processed workpieces (length / diameter) is 150/20 cm.
Household options
For home use or small business, you can build your own woodworking CNC machines for woodcarving . To do this, you need to purchase standard electronic and software components. Depending on the need, the equipment is assembled according to the desired type (in terms of the mechanical part). Modifications are easy to make by studying the drawings and installation diagrams of the unit, which can be found on the Internet.
According to user reviews, CNC machines greatly facilitate and speed up the processing of wooden workpieces. At the same time, high precision and finish quality are maintained. It is worth noting that equipment assembled at home will be much cheaper than the factory version. Of course, that for mass production, medium-sized businesses and industrial volumes, modernized machines with the most automated control and the ability to perform several processes simultaneously will be required.
Conclusion
Given all the features that CNC woodworking machines have for carving, the following can be noted:
- For volumetric production, rotary tables are provided that allow you to program the adjustment of the workpiece in corners and in the plane.
- Almost all manual carving techniques can be simulated on CNC devices.
- Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to imitate the technique of geometric carving due to the technological features of the milling and sawing processes.
In any case, machine-tool machining with program control is high productivity combined with excellent quality at low cost.