Owners of suburban real estate often think about how to make an extension to a country house, without resorting to construction companies for help. Such a structure allows you to expand the functional space of the building, and it is not so important whether it will be open or completely closed. With self-construction, it becomes possible to reduce the amount of expenses in the estimate.
Initial planning
Before an extension is made to the country house, the purpose of the future premises should be clearly defined. For example, an ordinary glazed veranda can be used as a place to relax or a summer workshop. In the cold season, it will additionally protect the internal space of the building from the penetration of cold. In the insulated design, you can organize an additional room, create a winter garden or utility room.
Having decided on the functions that the construction will perform, you can proceed directly to the design. It is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the future structure, soil features, location. It should also be taken into account the climatic zone and the side of the world from which the extension to the country house will be located. Photos of other objects will help determine the design.
Basic building materials should be selected taking into account many factors, but do not forget about external data. The attached structure must be successfully combined with the suburban structure. For example, if a tree was used in the construction of a country house, then it is better to use it for the veranda. Although some materials can be successfully combined.
On the advantages and disadvantages of wall materials
When the extension of the veranda to the country house is carried out, not all developers can quickly answer what they are going to make walls of. In fact, there are not so many options. Most often, the choice comes down to just a few popular materials, the pros and cons of which are discussed below.
- Wood is the most popular, so there are no difficulties in processing it. Its cost is low, but the material requires a special approach to protection against decay. The elements used (bars, logs, boards) should be treated with antiseptics to increase the operational period.
- Brick has high strength, but low thermal insulation characteristics. For residential premises often have to build walls with a thickness of 50 cm or more. In addition, under the brick buildings it is necessary to arrange massive foundations.
- Blocks of lightweight concrete have recently been popular, as they allow achieving acceptable thermal insulation performance. However, they are noticeably inferior in strength to brick. Of these, extensions to the country house are often erected. Projects of such buildings are simple.
- Polycarbonate is suitable for creating rooms that are operated exclusively in the warm season. It is usually attached to a metal or wooden frame. The main advantage of such designs is lightness, so there is no need for a massive base device. As an alternative to polycarbonate, ordinary glass can be used.
Traditional shape or bay window?
At the preparatory stage, you will have to choose the configuration of the structure. It is necessary to imagine what the extension to the country house will look like. A photo for visual aid is better to find in advance, if necessary. Looking at it, you can understand what to strive for in the future.
The traditional form of construction allows more efficient use of space, but bay windows are more aesthetic. Most often they have from 3 to 5 side faces. As for the design of the bay window space, it largely depends on the layout of the entire territory of the dwelling. The design in the form of an architectural ledge can easily be used as a dining room or conservatory.
Features of the device of various bases
Before the extension of the veranda to the country house will be done with your own hands, you need to evaluate the soil, and then choose the right type of foundation. When planning should take into account the mass of future designs. Below are considered the features of the main types of bases.
Type of foundation | Pros and cons | Features of the construction |
Tape | The internal space is protected from the cold, the bearing capacity allows you to tolerate high loads. Moreover, the consumption of materials used is quite large. | Along the perimeter and under the bearing walls, trenches break out, the width of which should exceed the thickness of the walls. Sand is laid at the bottom. A formwork is placed on top, into which concrete is poured. |
Columnar | It is cost-effective, since the supports are created at a decent distance from each other. However, it is not suitable for heavy buildings. | Most often, reinforced concrete blocks are stacked in level at the same distance from each other. Straightening beams are placed directly on them. |
Pile | Ideal for soft ground areas. To improve the bearing capacity, it is recommended to connect the elements with each other with transverse profiles. | Piles are installed on the same principle as the pillars of the columnar base. The distance between the elements depends on the selected section of the supporting beams. |
During the construction of strip foundations, prepared sand trenches must be filled with a layer of sand 10-15 cm. A waterproofing material should be laid on it, and then filled. The base will gain full strength only after 28 days, when the concrete has completely dried.
Walling according to frame technology
When constructing the side surfaces, you can choose an economical, but at the same time quite acceptable option in terms of thermal insulation characteristics. Knowledge of how to make a frame extension to the country house will help the developer not only reduce costs, but also reduce the time frame.
Most often, the frame is arranged from bars with a section of 100 x 50 or 150 x 50 mm. First, the trims located around the perimeter are connected. After the diagonal is displayed, the inside of the frame is filled with uprights in increments of not more than 40-50 cm. Reinforced bars can be installed under the door and window openings.
After installing the finished frames around the perimeter, the outer part is covered with waterproofing and sheathed with suitable material. For decoration, wooden lining or siding can be used. After the construction of the roof between the racks, thermal insulation is laid. It is closed with a vapor barrier film and sheathed with cladding material.
It is recommended to insulate the frame extension to the country house with mineral wool, since it densely fills the space between the bars. When using the foam in any case, gaps remain through which cold air will enter the room.
Masonry walls made of logs or beams
Solid wood elements may be used as basic materials. These include bars and logs. It should be noted the relatively simple technology of installing such an extension to the country house. With your own hands it can be assembled in a short time.
Logs and beams during the work are stacked on top of each other. Special locks in the form of a dovetail are arranged at the corners . They are connected to each other by means of dowels, which are wooden rods having a rounded shape. Special holes are drilled for them.
Modern technologies allow us to produce logs and beams of perfect shape, therefore, when purchasing such products, additional finishing may not be performed. It is enough to process the surface of the elements with protective and decorative compounds.
Masonry brick walls
A much more serious approach should be taken to the situation if the extension of the veranda to the country house will be carried out using bricks. The material is heavy, so you can not do without a powerful foundation. In addition, the masonry process itself is quite laborious and complex.
The thickness of the future walls is selected taking into account the climatic features and purpose of the room. The number of rows of stacked elements will depend on it. Most often, masonry is carried out in one and a half or two bricks. Products are arranged in a special pattern, bandaging each other. This method of laying makes it possible to correctly distribute the load over the entire surface of the wall.
For work, a cement-sand mortar is prepared in proportion. The ratio of cement to filler is usually 1 to 3. Using a metal corner, the corner bricks are first aligned, and then the remaining elements are laid on the fishing line.
Using blocks for walls
There is a less time-consuming method when compared to a brick. It consists in the use of foam concrete blocks. Products are lightweight and relatively large in size, which allows for faster work. Instead of cement-sand mixture, you can use special adhesives.
Blocks are laid in the same way as a brick, but every 3-4 rows are reinforced with metal rods. For steel elements, special grooves are cut using a grinder. Reinforcing rods are inserted into them.
Polycarbonate side walls
The simplest option is the extension of the terrace to the country house. For it, you can use polycarbonate sheets. Of these, a structure is easily created to protect against wind and precipitation. The material may be attached to a metal and wooden frame.
When installing cellular polycarbonate, certain rules should be followed:
- stiffeners should be placed vertically so that condensate does not linger inside;
- the diameter of the holes for fixing the sheets must be made 1 mm larger than the cross section of the fasteners;
- the connection of the elements is best done using one-piece panels;
- the ends on the bottom are sealed with a perforated tape, and on the top - ordinary.
Roof and roof
The built extension to the country house can have a gable or gable roof. In the first case, the rafters are laid with a slope down from the walls of the capital structure. On one side they rest on the outer wall, and the other on the bar attached to the side surface of the building. In the second case, the rafters are connected in the upper part. The lower sides should lie on the side walls.
Rafters are installed in increments of 40-50 mm. Directly attached to them is a lath made of edged boards. It is available at the edges for the device of the cornice. The distance between the elements depends on the roofing material used. For some coatings, a continuous crate is made of boards laid close to each other, or OSB sheets.
If the roof will be insulated, then waterproofing material should be spread directly on the rafters. It is attached using a stapler with small brackets. In this case, in addition to rafters, bars with a section of 40 x 40 mm are fixed. They are necessary for ventilation of the internal space. The crate is already superimposed on them.
Floor device
After the extension to the country house will be brought under the roof, you can proceed with the arrangement of the lower part. Most often, logs are laid on the tie rods or the protruding edge of the base. The section of the elements is selected taking into account the span. The distance between them depends on the thickness of the stacked boards.
The maximum permissible parameters are given in the table.
Cross section determination in millimeters | Laying pitch in centimeters |
Span | Dimensions of a suitable bar | Flooring thickness | Distance between elements |
2000 | 110 x 60 | 2 | thirty |
3000 | 150 x 80 | 2,4 | 40 |
4000 | 180 x 100 | 3,5 | 60 |
5000 | 200 x 150 | 4,5 | 80 |
When warming from the bottom of the lag, a rough floor is arranged. To do this, 40 x 20 mm bars are nailed along the edge of the crossbars. Pieces of OSB or edged board with a thickness of 20 mm are attached to them. The surface of such a flooring is covered with waterproofing, on which thermal insulation elements are laid. The insulation is mandatory closed with a vapor barrier membrane, after which the boards are laid on the control rails, which are stuffed on the logs for ventilation of the space inside.
Door and window installation
In order for the extension to the country house to look complete, it is necessary to make full-fledged finishing work. They consist in the installation of windows and doors, as well as in the lining of joints with skirting boards, platbands and decorative battens. May also require processing decorative composition.
As for the windows, they are attached to the side surfaces with suspensions made of metal. The space around the perimeter is filled with foam. The door is usually fixed in the opening by means of special brackets or thick self-tapping screws. Between the box and the ends of the walls, foam is necessarily introduced. Its amount should not be excessive, otherwise metal racks may slightly lead.
Final part
The most cost-effective option is an independent extension of the veranda to the country house. The photos presented above will help determine the overall design and constructive solution, and the information presented will allow you to select the optimal materials for the work and gain the necessary knowledge. Turning to professionals will be expensive, especially if this is not an ordinary team of workers, but a specialized company.