There are various schemes of heating systems in private homes. Each is characterized by its own operational features, as well as advantages and disadvantages. A particular layout of heating a private house should be selected for each specific situation, otherwise instead of coziness and comfort you can get big problems.
Heating scheme according to the type of coolant circulation
According to the method of water circulation in the heating system circuit, two basic schemes are distinguished - with natural and forced movement of the coolant. The natural or gravitational layout of the heating layout of a private house is based on the difference in water density. The heated coolant is characterized by a low density, as a result of which it is forced out by a reverse stroke into the circuit. To ensure gravity of the fluid, it is necessary to lay pipelines with a slight slope.
The main advantage of the gravitational system is as follows: for its construction, the acquisition of complex aggregates and equipment is not required. Such a scheme is independent of other engineering networks, and most importantly - it is easy to install.
Despite the superiority that is ensured by simplicity, such a heating layout in a private house (photo below) has some limitations. It is not recommended for use in dwellings with a large area, since gravity flow of water is provided only in a circuit whose length is approximately 30 meters.
The forced movement of the coolant is carried out by means of a circulation pump, which includes a pump circuit. The use of these systems is unlimited (with the exception of ensuring uninterrupted electrical power to the pump units).
Scheme for piping layout
In the process of organizing the heating system, an important point is the wiring of heating in a private house. All apartment water supply or heat supply devices are connected to a common system according to a certain scheme.
Much depends on how the wiring is done. It can be horizontal or vertical. In the latter version, the main pipeline is hidden in the basement, and from it through all apartments there are many pipelines of smaller diameter. This wiring is cheaper and much simpler than the horizontal scheme. It can be single pipe or double pipe.
Vertical single pipe system
With this type of wiring, the supply line is laid under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic. The coolant is supplied to the heating devices sequentially along vertical risers. The main advantage of this scheme is the minimal consumption of pipelines.
However, there are some disadvantages:
- Lack of adjustment.
- Inability to turn off a separate heater.
- Overuse of heating appliances.
With a single-pipe wiring, the coolant moves along a single solid circuit through all heating devices. In the two-pipe system, two risers are provided - from one coolant enters the heater, and in the other it leaves.
A similar distribution of heating in a private house (without closing sections, unregulated) is used if natural circulation of the coolant is required.
Vertical twin pipe system with bottom wiring
In such a system, the supply and return lines are placed above the floor of the lower floor or in the floor itself, water flows into each heating device independently. On the upper radiators, it is recommended to install cranes for venting, which are necessary to remove air from the system.
Such systems have the following advantages:
- Ability to turn off a separate heater.
- Good system adjustment.
- It is allowed to turn on the floor heating system as the building is erected.
- Lack of flow and risers on the top floor.
- Exclusion of overspending heating devices.
Disadvantages:
- Compared to single-pipe wiring, the length of pipelines in a two-pipe system increases.
- The impossibility of installing apartment heat meters (however, in such houses common house meters are provided , which is much more profitable at the initial cost).
Perimeter horizontal two-pipe system
Such a heating layout in a private house (the diagram is presented below) provides for the supply and return pipelines, which are laid around the perimeter of each floor. All radiators are equipped with taps for venting.
This system is characterized by the following advantages:
- System shutdown is allowed floor by floor.
- Lack of risers on all floors (except for the main one).
- Allowed the use of heaters with a lower connection.
- Laying trunk pipelines in the baseboard or floor structure not only reduces the number of open communications, but also improves the overall appearance of the room.
- Ability to install apartment heat meters.
Disadvantages:
- On long branches it is necessary to install expansion joints.
- The presence of air taps on each heater somewhat complicates the operation.
Floor-mounted two-pipe system with a collector on each floor
Such a wiring of heating in a private house involves a floor-by-floor arrangement of the supply and return collectors on the main riser. The supply and return lines from the collectors are fed directly to each radiator.
This system is recommended for use when using metal-plastic pipes. It is characterized by all the advantages of horizontal two-pipe heating systems. The only drawback is the large length of the supply lines. However, it is compensated by the fact that the number of pipe connections is reduced.
Today, such wiring in individual construction is becoming increasingly popular.
Varieties of heating schemes for two-story houses
Even at the design stage, the most optimal heating layout in a private house (2 floors) should be developed. Only in this case will the heating system perform its functions in full.
Heating schemes used for two-story buildings are divided into two main groups - with natural and forced fluid movement. From the name it is clear how one differs from the other. So, in the second case, a pump is used to circulate the liquid, with the help of which the coolant moves in the system, in the first there is an independent movement of water.
Natural Circuit Wiring
A system with natural coolant movement has both positive and negative sides. The main advantage is that such a wiring of the heating system of a private house is volatile.
The disadvantages include the complexity of installation (it is necessary to observe the bias), as well as the need for the use of large diameter pipelines, which affects the appearance of the room.
Forced Circuit Wiring
The scheme with the forced movement of the coolant is the most optimal option for two-story houses. It provides for the presence of a special circulation pump that circulates the fluid in the system.
It can also be used for heating in a private house with a wall-mounted boiler (see photo below).
Pipes for heating systems
For the laying of highways, metal-plastic, polypropylene, copper, steel, as well as pipes made of galvanized or stainless steel can be used.
Steel
During the installation process, steel pipelines are welded, galvanized and stainless pipes are preferably connected using threaded joints. If the wiring of heating in a private house with a wall-mounted boiler involves the use of metal pipes, it is advisable to pay special attention to the choice of skilled workers.
Today, metal pipes are rarely used in the construction of cottages. This is directly related to their high price and complexity of installation work.
Copper
Copper pipes are the most reliable option for installing heating systems. They are able to withstand both high pressure and high temperatures. Copper pipes are interconnected by soldering. However, due to the high cost, they are used only in exceptional cases.
Polypropylene
The best option is a wiring of heating in a private house from polypropylene pipes. There are many varieties of these pipes, for example, reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum. Using a special soldering iron, the elements are soldered. Compared with the above options, these pipes and fittings have a low cost.
Metal plastic
For the installation of a heating system made of plastic pipes, professional skills are not required. Piping is connected using fittings. The disadvantages of this material include too high coefficient of thermal expansion, which over time can lead to leakage. No precipitation is formed on metal-plastic and polypropylene pipelines.
Before drawing up a heating scheme, it is necessary to choose the material from which it will be made. As noted earlier, copper pipelines are considered the most durable.