The house is considered the defensive fortress of every person. Within the framework of this conditional concept, many began to think about more reliable buildings. The question is how to build a bunker. It is located underground, nothing better to invent. If a person is afraid of natural disasters and just tries to be in a protective place, there are special projects of this structure.
You can build it on your site, often this is done in the country. There are a number of advantages to this shelter, although it does not always save. If you decide to build, you will have to take as a basis a useful instruction and implement a project on it. There are no difficulties, only the entire tool and material are being prepared, because the house underground has its own construction features. What exactly are the features, we will consider further.
There will be no paperwork
Thinking about how to build a bunker, many people consider this issue. Should I draw up any documents? The first plus, according to experts, is that you do not need to prepare documentation or obtain permission for such a structure. But this is provided that everything is done on a personal site. Although there is an exception. If there are communications of central importance under the soil, making the bunker more difficult. When the structure can be damaged, and this is a serious violation.
Before you build a bunker, all these issues should be clarified. This is the first step to building protective housing. One cannot do it, so an assistant must be present, and preferably not one. Only then does the main work begin. It is important to take into account the proximity of groundwater during construction.
Groundwater proximity
Before you build a bunker, you will have to understand at what level groundwater is located. If this is overlooked, it will not result in a living space, but a large pool. To do this, it is important to know how deep the waters are. But can such procedures be performed independently? According to experts, the process is not so complicated: attention is directed to the nearest wells, any water bodies. The difference between the level of land and water will become the principle of occurrence of ground currents. It is not difficult to make accurate calculations, it is important not to rush at this stage. Instructions for the implementation of work are elementary - everyone who creates their own in-depth housing should come to this goal with certain knowledge.
The opinion of architects with experience
Another assistant is deep water wells. In the process of their creation, it is more clear at what level the ground flows are.
The house underground should form above the streams, the minimum distance is 50 centimeters. The bigger, the better. Here's the calculation: if the groundwater is at the level of 5 meters, then the foundation pit for the new structure is 4.5 meters. Although when the groundwater lies above 4 meters, creating a full-fledged house underground will not work. Because attention is paid to comfort, protection, usability for a long time. Reliability is not in last place, so every detail will have to be calculated.
How to choose a place?
Many people think about how to choose the base and calculate the depth of the hopper. Sometimes ideas arise of building a shelter under the house, in the basement. Architects believe that this idea is bad and should not be implemented. And all because cataclysms occur - a hurricane, winds, flooding. The main structure will collapse, and the fragments will throw the entrance to the shelter underground. Will have to look for something more suitable. If the size of the plot allows, construction begins.
Although such a structure is allowed, if the entrance to the bunker will be additional, at a distance of 10 meters from the house. Communication is necessary for a full life. If they are autonomous, this is the best solution. Communications should not have a connection with the house, in the event of a collapse there will be no supply of electricity to the bunker. This is emphasized by all architects and specialists in the construction of residential premises.
In addition, you will have to hide the entrance. It is located in the place of farm buildings on the site. Often the construction of a bunker with your own hands is carried out precisely from the entrance. Let him be in the garden among the trees and shrubs. It will not be visible to anyone - only the owners will know how to get into their underground house.
What is the area?
An important point of each home is to check the size. The basis is taken that people will stay in it for a short period of time. For the period of natural disaster, a hurricane, this calculation of the area is made - 4 m 2 per resident. Under these conditions, it will be comfortable to wait out adverse conditions on the surface of the earth.
If the family has three people, then it turns out 12 m 2 , it is not difficult to implement such a project. The calculation is carried out by multiplication. If the territory at the house is large, then the area increases, but not at the expense of comfort. Bunkers build temporary and long stay. The choice of some parameters depends on this.
Short period
Architects believe that in order to stay inside the shelter for a short period of time, a septic tank made of durable material may well come up. What is being done:
- Strong capacity is purchased.
- Buried in the ground, at a certain distance.
- Size is calculated taking into account arriving.
It can wait out a hurricane and a tornado, and additional care is not required for many years. There is no need to invest in this building, to install ventilation and heating. Two air vents that exit to the surface are enough for air exhaust. It is not necessary to supplement the building with special cleaning devices.
You will need to install a standard filter for cleaning. Sometimes it is done with your own hands. Gauze, glass wool are purchased - they are fixed to the pipes. Electricity is connected to the main system. It is also worth making batteries so that the supply is for a long period.
Heating
This is an open question. Because the earth does not freeze for more than one and a half meters. For a temporary stay, maximum heat is not required. Experts advise to have a stock:
- Warm things.
- The blankets.
- Plaids.
- Thermal underwear.
The price of such a shelter is within 400 thousand rubles. The required volume of the septic tank is 19 m 3 , the preparation of the pit will not be long, and everyone will cope with it quickly. It is easy to hire workers for about 30 thousand rubles.
For a long stay inside
Before you build a long-term underground bunker, it is worth considering each room. Its total area is not less than 15 m 2 . A separate room is provided for the location of generators and other necessary components.
For such a structure, drainage under the foundation is done. It should be at least 25 centimeters, and the wall - 27. So that the soil does not creep, it is strengthened with the help of affordable, inexpensive material. The bottom of the pit, before starting construction, is leveled. After the foundation has dried, after 30 days they begin to build walls. For reliability, reinforcement should be fixed every three rows. The size of the drainage under the foundation is arbitrary.
The roof must be reliable. Strong metal is used. We must not forget about thermal and waterproofing. Mounted stairs for descent and a tightly closing door. In order not to call such a refuge a trap, an emergency exit is made. Before you start the interior decoration, it is worth creating a solid, high-quality waterproofing for the walls. There are many materials for this. Then a partition is made between the main housing and the engine room. The cost will be within 150 thousand, if you do it yourself.
To stay in such a protective shelter for several days, it is worth considering:
- Autonomous electricity. Suitable generator that runs on diesel fuel or gasoline. Two-tier installations are made for fuel storage.
- Ventilation with air filtration.
- Conditioning. Due to this, air is supplied with cleaning, the installation cost is high.
Stocks
If the stay involves a few days, then stocks can not do. One of the important components is water (at least 300 liters). The number of people matters. It is important to have canned food, cereals, other products, packaged and with a long shelf life.
A first-aid kit is indispensable. It includes:
- Bandage, adhesive plaster.
- Vata.
- Thermometer, tonometer.
- Scissors, tourniquet.
- Masks, heating pad.
A set of tablets is invested individually. There must be painkillers and antipyretic drugs. In the presence of chronic deviations from health, you need to put more auxiliary drugs. Since nutrition will deviate from the norm, digestion pills are mandatory.
What else is taken into account?
In addition to food, first-aid kits, it is required to create conditions for a comfortable rest, sleep. Clothing is replaceable, but the main thing is that you can go out into the light. If chemical influences are implied, then personal protective equipment cannot be dispensed with - gas masks, protective clothing, a flashlight. The last item, making a list of important things, is quite useful for internal movement in order to save electricity.
Conclusion
To be fully in the bunker, you need to individually create conditions for yourself. Each person gets used to his own - food, warmth, general atmosphere. Today, such structures are in great demand. It is not difficult to build them, even without experience. But if you do everything alone, this process will drag on for a long time.