Road safety must be regulated by law. There are a number of bills and decrees that enshrine the basic norms for safe movement on roads. It is worth highlighting one of the most important normative acts - Federal Law 196. It is this law that determines the legal basis for ensuring road safety throughout the Russian territory.
The main directions of the law
The objectives of Federal Law 196 is to protect the health, life, property of citizens, their rights and freedoms. High-quality protection of the interests of the state and society through the prevention and prevention of traffic accidents is a priority objective of the bill.
On what principles and conditions does 196- "On Road Safety" function? It is worth highlighting the following points:
- compliance with the interests of citizens, the state and society while ensuring road safety;
- the priority of the health and life of citizens participating in road traffic over the results of economic and economic activity;
- implementation of a program-targeted approach to the functions for implementing safe traffic on the roads;
- priority of state responsibility for the implementation of safe traffic over the civil liability of those participating in road traffic.
How does the state ensure road safety? This will be described later.
Road safety
Article 5 of the Federal Law 196 stipulates that ensuring safety on the roads is possible only thanks to high-quality work in the following areas:
- establishment of responsibility and powers of the federal executive authority of Russia, regional executive authorities, as well as local authorities;
- high-quality coordination of the activities of all of the above bodies, as well as individuals and legal entities and public associations;
- regulation of activities in vehicles of any type and in the road sector;
- development and approval in the manner prescribed by law of normative acts related to road safety;
- the implementation of the provision of vehicles - financially and financially;
- implementation and implementation of medical measures in the field of traffic;
- pursuing a quality policy in the field of transport insurance, etc.
FZ 196, therefore, states the need to work in a variety of areas and areas.
Powers of state bodies
The jurisdiction of Russia, in accordance with article 6 of the draft law under consideration, includes the following functions:
- consolidation of the legal framework for road safety;
- the formation and implementation in Russia of a unified policy in the field of road safety;
- strict control over the compliance of regional bills with the Constitution and federal laws;
- the creation of federal executive bodies that ensure the implementation of state policy, etc.
The law secures the rights of executive authorities.
In short, the federal authorities can act together with the regional, but in strict accordance with the special agreement. Both groups of state authorities should be engaged in the quality implementation of the norms prescribed in the law under consideration.
Law on the design, construction, maintenance and repair of roadways
196- "On Road Safety" states the need to comply with certain requirements regarding work with the roadbed. All requirements are spelled out in Articles 11-12.
Article 11 states that the design and construction of the roadway is the basis of safe traffic. It is necessary to strictly comply with technical regulations, engineering projects and other regulatory acts related to road construction.
Responsibility for the compliance of the constructed roads with the statutory requirements rests with the project executor during the design stages and with the work executors during the construction stages. The law also states that it is inadmissible to reduce capital costs through engineering-type solutions.
Road safety during the operation of vehicles
Article 16 of Federal Law No. 196-FZ "On Road Traffic Safety" stipulates the need to periodically check the technical equipment and condition of vehicles involved in road traffic. A similar duty is imposed, respectively, on the owners of the vehicles themselves, as well as on the persons who operate these vehicles.
Another topic of article 16 concerns compulsory liability insurance of citizens. Vehicle owners who do not wish to fulfill this obligation will not be able to register their vehicles. Compulsory insurance can be made only after a technical inspection, which is regulated by Federal Law No. 170-FZ.
Road Safety Organization
Article 21 of the Federal Law 196 as amended in 2014 regulates a number of measures relating to the organization of traffic. This includes the creation and quality assurance of the functioning of parking spaces located within the boundaries of settlements, the implementation of traffic capacity on roads, an overall improvement in the quality of the roadway, and much more. The execution and implementation of all the measures presented should concern the state executive body at the federal body (Government), state executive bodies at the regional level, as well as local self-government bodies. All of the above activities should be carried out in strict accordance with state regulations and regional regulations.
Section 22 of the law states that it is inadmissible to change the traffic capacity on the road by reducing the level of road safety. However, the same article speaks of a possible change in the movement of vehicles in cases of a real threat. Change can only be carried out by authorized persons of the relevant state bodies.
On the rights and obligations of road users
The organization of road safety will not work without ordinary citizens fulfilling certain duties and rules prescribed in Article 24 of the Federal Law under consideration. What are these rules? Federal law refers to a special government decree called the Rules of the Road. It is in this normative act that all those rules are fixed that all Russian citizens, without exception, must know, remember and observe.
And what rights do road users have? Article 24 of the Federal Law under consideration sets forth the following:
- free and unimpeded movement on roads in accordance with the rules established by laws;
- receiving from the executive authorities and officials reliable information about safe road conditions;
- receiving information from relevant officials about the reasons and conditions for establishing a restriction or prohibition of traffic;
- obtaining complete and reliable information about the quality of services and products, one way or another related to traffic;
- the right to free medical care;
- the right to redress in strict accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The law also speaks of responsibility. So, according to article 31 of the normative act under consideration, liability for violation of the established rules is regulated by the Criminal Code and the Code of Administrative Offenses.
About state supervision
What are the means to ensure road safety? In accordance with article 30, this is primarily state supervision. It is carried out by special authorities in the field of road safety. The subject of supervision is the observance by citizens of Russia of a number of requirements spelled out in the relevant regulatory acts.
The law talks about the procedure for conducting inspections of a planned and unscheduled type, the grounds for including inspections in a special annual plan, etc.