During the construction of houses, both multi-story and private suburban, walls bearing or self-supporting can be erected. The first type of building envelope is experiencing severe loads from floors and roofs. Self-supporting walls are vertical elements of a building on which nothing rests. During the operation of the house, loads in such structures arise only from their own weight.
What are they?
The main distinguishing feature of self-supporting walls, in comparison with loaded ones, is that they have a small thickness. The material during their construction, respectively, leaves less. The thickness of the walls of this variety, depending on what they were built from, can vary between 50-380 mm.
When erecting the rear, among other things, non-load-bearing enclosing structures can also be assembled. Such walls also do not absorb the load from the higher elements of the house. In another way, designs of this type are called mounted. They are always erected within the same floor. However, if their height exceeds 6 m, they can already be considered self-supporting. Their design and calculation is carried out accordingly.
Self-supporting walls are basically only external walling. Such elements of the building simply protect its interior from wind and rainfall, adjacent to the main frame. Ceilings to such walls are attached to the side on all floors in height. During the construction of houses, both single-layer and multi-layer self-supporting building envelopes can be erected. If walls of this type are inside the building, they serve only as partitions.
Operational Features
According to the norms of SNiP, in such structures when performing redevelopment in multi-storey and country houses, it is allowed to make openings or expand them to the necessary parameters. Also, the walls of this variety in some cases can even be dismantled and erected on a new one without the risk of collapse of other building structures.
Payment
Before starting the construction of any home, of course, a detailed project is drawn up. At the same time, an operation such as calculating the walls of self-supporting, not bearing and loaded on the subject of stability is performed. For brick structures, for example, such calculations are performed taking into account the data of several tables from paragraphs 6.16-6.20 of SNiP II-22-81. In any case, when calculating the stability of a self-supporting wall, the correspondence of the ratio of its thickness to height for a given geometry to standard values is determined.
Features of the construction
To build such walling is allowed from virtually any material. Self-supporting walls are building elements that can be built from wood, brick, blocks. In any case, such structures are assembled exclusively on solid supports. Pour their foundations simultaneously with the foundation of the building itself.
Brick, block, etc. self-supporting walls are mated with other types of enclosing structures exclusively using flexible connections. When using rigid elements of the building, subsequently, due to the unequal degree of loading, the building elements may crack and deform. Accordingly, living in a house will become unsafe.
Self-supporting walls are structures that, when laid out of brick or blocks, are supposed to be reinforced according to the standards. However, such enclosing parts of buildings are usually not strengthened as carefully as the loaded ones. Rods during the construction of walls of this type are inserted through a larger number of rows of masonry. The fittings for such structures, according to the standards, can be used with a diameter of 1-2 mm.
Materials for high-rise buildings
During the construction of high-rise buildings, self-supporting external walls can be constructed from:
- ceramic brick hollow, porous, full-bodied;
- silicate brick.
When erecting buildings of not too large number of storeys, sometimes also used blocks:
- arbolite;
- ceramic;
- from foam or aerated concrete;
- expanded clay concrete and any other large format.
A feature of such materials in comparison, for example, with the same brick, is a relatively low degree of strength. Therefore, their standards can be used depending on the variety when building houses with a height of no more than 3-5 floors.