Career questions are of interest to many citizens. People want not only to earn more, but also to be realized, achieve success, and earn respect in society. And the current explosion of patriotism leads to the fact that young people are striving for power. It is advisable for these people to understand what a public office is. This is a necessary condition in order not to get serious trouble instead of success. Let's see what is the difference between a civil service post and other places of self-employment. Start with a review of the power structure.
Why do you need a state
From the very name of the concept under consideration, it follows that a number of functions have to be performed that the population has delegated to the superstructure. This is how the state is defined in science. People gather to make life easier. They give the right to lead the processes to special structures called the state. The system is currently complex and ramified.
A public position is a place of work in those very structures responsible for the development of society. The goal of the system is the same: to maintain order and opportunities for progressive transformations in all spheres of life. For this, laws and other documents binding on employees and citizens are created. Their texts and essence are aimed at implementing development programs, as understood by those people who take part in making important decisions.
In this sense, public office is a cog in the system that affects life in the country. The mechanism, in theory, should work perfectly, not give serious failures. Therefore, the activities of public servants are strictly regulated and monitored. These people are required to obey a variety of rules, including in their personal lives.
Responsibility in the public service
An important condition for the performance of duties at any job is their understanding. It is unlikely that anyone will argue. Positions in a government body differ from others in that people have a large responsibility for the whole country. A system that develops and implements solutions does not have the right to make a mistake. People who know the story are well aware of what the mistakes or failures lead to.
The fact is that society constantly requires something from the state. Some have few benefits, others need opportunities, while others do not want to put up with the rules that they think are unfair. This is completely normal. However, the system is obliged to resolve all stress points, to negotiate with citizens. A critical mass of dissatisfied can lead to a breakdown of the state. And in the present conditions, this means bloodshed.
It turns out that public office is a huge responsibility, including for the lives of fellow citizens. And it doesn’t matter in which area a person works, he represents the whole system in his small area. Public peace depends on his decisions.
The concept of public office
The philosophical aspects have been disassembled, now it is necessary to look at bureaucratic-structural moments. The positions of public servants are ordinary jobs that the system organizes. This is done through the formation of a number of documents. That is, the state body adopts a staff list containing a list of posts. Each has a mandate. On this basis, instructions are formed, the employee does not have the right to depart from the execution of them.
Everything is strictly regulated in the civil service , that is, it is bureaucratized. If the instructions say, for example, that an employee is obliged to receive citizens and write protocols, then they will ask him for this. And he will not be allowed to solve other issues at the official level. Control over the activities of people representing the state is carried out in accordance with laws and intra-departmental documents, which include these instructions.
Signs of public office
The system consists of bricks, they are also compared with the cogs of a complex mechanism. Not all people working in this huge structure are government employees. For example, you can cite the secretary of the head. This person does not make decisions, is a technical worker. And government posts have these signs:
- They are part of the organizational structure.
- Take part of the competence of the state.
- They are a rigidly fixed structural unit, described by documents, independent of the personality that occupies it.
- They have the right to make decisions on behalf of the state.
The title of the post should reflect the essence of the authority. The employee who occupies it, acts strictly in accordance with the law, that is, must know him.
What are government positions
The system organizing the activities of a huge country has many tasks and functions. She selects people to do a specific job. Therefore, public positions differ in:
- types of activity;
- scope of competency;
- substitution methods.
In addition, they usually indicate whether she is busy or vacant. You can replace a public position in the order of appointment or on a competitive basis. This is determined by special regulations that describe a specific cell in the system. For example, an assistant to the federal minister is appointed, and a personnel specialist in the administration of a region or district is selected on a competitive basis.
State civilian posts
The country needs to organize the effective work of many services. According to the law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, the establishment of posts is carried out, whose duties include these tasks. These jobs fall into four categories:
- Leaders
- assistants;
- two kinds of specialists.
Each has its own competence. So, managers and their deputies are responsible for the work of institutions and their structural units at the federal level, their territorial units. Assistants or advisers contribute to the first of the categories described. Specialists are professionals in some narrow field. They are engaged in the organization of narrow focus in accordance with the distribution of responsibilities. Provisioning specialists include accountants, document managers, business executives, and others.
Federal government posts
It should be noted that Russia is a large country consisting of many entities. Public service is just as complicated. Distinguish categories of workers, usually by source of funding. So, those government employees who receive money from the central budget are federal. The location of the body in which they work can be any. However, they are subject to federal laws, as well as orders and orders from the capital. This is a special category of employees who perform the functions of the state as a whole. The subjects of the federation also have their own employees who receive money from local budgets. These people perform the functions of the state on a "scaled-down scale." That is, their competence applies only to a specific subject who created the position.
Requirements for candidates for public office
The system carefully monitors that the people representing it carry out duties at a sufficient level. This work is carried out at the legislative level. That is, the legal act describes who can be accepted for the position of civil servant. This must be a citizen of the Russian Federation, capable, adult and not having a criminal record. A person accepting an appointment agrees to obey rather stringent restrictions. They are described in the above law (Article 17). In particular, civil servants are prohibited from doing business, buying certain shares, or using the provision to enrich themselves and obtain privileges. For example, a violation of this article may be considered a foreign trip at the expense of a third party. Taking bribes is also inadmissible, as well as providing paid services to interested parties, up to consultations of enterprises and organizations.