In the recent past, a limited range of roofing materials was available on the construction market. It was represented by slate, steel sheets and galvanized. But the situation has changed: now it’s not so easy for the buyer to choose roofing material for the roof, since there is serious competition in the market, and the range has expanded significantly.
Criterias of choice
Each type of material has its own characteristics, positively or negatively distinguishing it from others.
Roofing material for the roof in various cases requires different. The criteria for his selection are as follows:
- Operating conditions (expected load) . For its calculation, the weight of the roof structure with all its elements (rafters, battens, insulation, etc.) is taken. The climatic conditions of the region are also taken into account, in particular the average indicators of wind strength and rainfall (snow cover weight).
- The architectural solution. A sketch design allows you to determine the shape of the roof, in accordance with which the appropriate material for the roof is selected. For example, if a decision is made to use ceramic tiles, the architect must adhere to a roof slope of 30-35 degrees. This condition is mandatory for this material.
- Operation period, fire resistance. Materials for the roof should be selected depending on the purpose of the building, operating conditions. For example, for an outbuilding there is no need to use roofing materials for a roof, the price of which is relatively high.
Durability of materials
Many roofing materials have a warranty period, which is valid only if the correct installation technology is observed. In practice, the period of their operation is several times longer. Without repair, they have the following service lives:
- bituminous wavy sheets - 15-25 years;
- asbestos-cement slabs (slate) - 30-40 years;
- metal tile - 30-50 years;
- soft tiles - 30-50 years;
- rebate roof - up to 50 years;
- professional flooring - up to 50 years;
- natural tile - up to 100 years;
- slate roofing - 150-200 years.
A huge number of such products are presented on the market. However, not all types of roofing material for the roof have sufficient strength, durability and good weather resistance. It is understood as resistance to severe frosts, air acidity, corrosion, solar radiation. The calculation of the roofing material for the roof can be carried out independently or with the help of specialists. In the general case, its area is divided by the area of the individual elements of the material. Based on the data obtained, calculate the required amount.
Ceramic tile
The main component of the material is the clay mass, which is processed in a special furnace at a temperature of 1000 degrees, due to which it becomes red-brown. Before firing, ceramic tiles can be covered with a protective film, due to which atmospheric precipitation is removed more efficiently. The output is a tile measuring 30 by 30 cm and weighing 2 kg. This roofing material for the roof has several subspecies: ordinary, flat tape, single-wave, grooved tiles and others. The recommended roof slope for their application is from 25-35 to 60 degrees. It is important to observe the following recommendations:
- When the slope is less than 22 degrees, it is imperative that work be done to improve waterproofing and ventilation.
- With a slope of 22-60 degrees, standard mounts are used.
- When the indicator is over 60 degrees, additional fastenings are used in the form of screws, nails.
The individual elements of the material are interconnected through a system of locks. The tile is attached to the crate thanks to special holes. Therefore, the upper elements of the material are laid on the lower ones, forming a continuous layer that excludes any leaks. As already noted, its period of operation without repair is up to 100 years. Tiles are used for roofing houses made of brick, wood or stone of any number of storeys. The cost per square meter, as a rule, is from 25 to 50 dollars. Using roofing materials for a roof, the price of which is much lower, you need to understand that their quality will be appropriate.
Advantages of tiles:
- minimum expenses for maintaining good condition (cleaning gutters, as well as local repairs, are carried out no more than once a year);
- noise absorption (the sound of rain is almost inaudible);
- corrosion resistance;
- does not give in to fire;
- high frost resistance;
- wide color gamut;
- the presence of micropores, allowing the roof to "breathe". They allow moisture accumulating under the roof to evaporate over time.
Disadvantages:
- heavy weight;
- low strength;
- technical difficulties with the installation of material on complex structures.
Cement and Sand Tiles
Due to the fact that the ceramic tile has a rather large weight, they found a replacement for it, which was cement-sand tile.
It allowed to greatly facilitate the design as a whole. This roofing material for the roof consists of cement, sand and iron oxide. The latter is a dye. Cement-sand tile visually practically does not differ from ceramic. When using it, the roof slope should be 20-60 degrees. Lay the tiles on the crate so that the elements of the previous row were offset by half their width. As fasteners, nails are used, which are driven into holes made at the factory during tile production.
Advantages:
- resistance to environmental influences;
- frost resistance.
Disadvantages:
- massiveness (thickness - from 10 mm);
- large damage to the material during improper transportation (up to 10%).
Cement and sand tiles are also used for roofing both wooden and brick houses of different floors. The cost of the material is 10-30 dollars / m 2 . It allows you to provide the same decorative effect as ceramic tiles, while investing less money.
Shingles
It is a fiberglass, which is encircled on both sides by bitumen, forming a uniform flat coating. Stone coating is applied on its upper layer, and on the lower - a sticky primer-glue designed for gluing to the base of the roof. Such products are classified as soft roofing materials.
The sheet of bituminous tiles has dimensions of 1 m by 30 cm, respectively. Due to its flexibility, almost any form of roof structure can be repeated . The material is used for roofs with a slope of more than 12 degrees (for the most part there are no restrictions). It requires the use of a bedding layer. It is laid throughout the roof on a crate, which can be represented by waterproof plywood or OSB.
Bituminous tiles are often used for decoration of cottages, cottages, public buildings. It is also often used as a roofing material for a garage roof.
Advantages:
- the material does not break during transportation and installation;
- does not rust;
- does not decay, is not subject to corrosion;
- it is possible to carry out quick local repairs at minimal cost;
- no noise during precipitation.
Disadvantages:
- high probability of fire;
- considered to be “second grade" material;
- exposed to ultraviolet radiation;
- can not be mounted in winter.
Metal tile
It is a sheet of galvanized steel with a polymer coating that plays a protective role. Manufacturers produce material with a different number of layers. The metal tile is similar in texture to “ceramics”, but these are not small tiles, but whole steel sheets with textured corrugation. They come in different sizes, and their average thickness is 0.4 mm.
The material is recommended for use on roofs with a slope of more than 15 degrees. Compared to others, it stands out for its ease of installation: to the crate, the metal tiles are fixed with special roofing screws. Use it for the roof of almost any structure, from stalls to high-rises or industrial buildings.
For many, this is the best roofing material for the roof in terms of price-quality ratio (its cost is 2-3 times lower than the two types of tiles listed above ).
Advantages:
- quick installation;
- low cost;
- low weight (3-5 kg / m 2 );
- strength (not damaged during transportation).
The disadvantages of the material include its low sound insulation (rain and hail are accompanied by loud noise).
Slate
It is a cement material, the strength of which is increased by asbestos fiber. It consists of 15% short-wave asbestos and 85% of Portland cement. The material is produced in the form of rectangular sheets with corrugated corrugation. They are overlapped on sealing gaskets and fastened to the crate with nails. This roofing material for the roof effectively does its job when its slope is in the range of 12-60 degrees.
Slate is mainly used for sheds, summer kitchens and other buildings of small importance. Often it is appropriate where you need to save (1 m 2 costs 2-3 dollars). Modern roofing materials for the roof are better and more reliable, but their cost is much higher.
Advantages:
- relatively high strength;
- availability;
- can be cut into a grinder.
Minuses:
- fragile;
- unattractive;
- bad for health;
- accumulates moisture (over time, fungus, moss appear on it).
Profiled Flooring
It is the simplest roofing material. It is a profiled sheet of galvanized steel. The waves on them can have a trapezoidal, sinus-shaped or rounded shape. They make the material more attractive and simplify the joining of its sheets.
For corrugated board, the slope of the roof should be at least 10 degrees. Lay the material on a crate of timber using a glassine pad, which increases the waterproof properties. Fix the corrugated board with self-tapping screws.
This material, like slate, is overlapped with an overlap of 200 mm or more. They also use it primarily for the construction of utility structures. They also found application in industrial construction (factories, supermarkets).
Advantages:
- simple installation;
- relative cheapness;
- long period of operation;
- sufficiently high bending strength.
The disadvantages of the material include its low sound insulation.
Steel rebate roof
This coating is made of smooth steel sheets, allowing water to flow freely even on small slopes.
Sheets can be galvanized, with a polymer coating or without. The roof slope for roofing steel should be from 20 degrees. Elements are interconnected by hooks of adjacent sheets. The seam formed in this case is called the fold, or fold connection.
Advantages:
- does not burn;
- has an attractive appearance;
- flexibility;
- the ability to work at low temperatures;
- low weight - 4-5 kg / m 2 .
Disadvantages:
- exposure to mechanical stress;
- the roof must be additionally insulated.
Roofs made of natural materials
Natural materials for roofing include straw, reeds, wood. Nowadays, their use is an exception to the rule. These environmentally friendly materials are mainly used for restaurants, hotels and other institutions. Here you can use new roofing materials for the roof, but the main task is to attract the attention of potential customers, so non-standard solutions have an advantage.
Summary
A wide range of roofing materials can cause certain difficulties. But they can arise only with insufficient knowledge. First of all, you need to study the properties of materials, as well as their price range, and then choose the best option.