Mikhail Bulgakov: works. List of works with dates

Today we will tell you about the life and work of such a famous poet and playwright as Mikhail Bulgakov, whose list of works you will find at the very end of the article.

This man was born on May 3, 1891 in Kiev. His parents were educated and intelligent people. Mother worked as a teacher in a gymnasium, and father who graduated from the theological academy taught at various educational institutions. At the end of 1893, he began to perform the duties of the Kiev regional censor, among which was the censorship of literature not only in Russian, but also in other languages. In addition to Michael, the family had five more children.

Study

Bulgakov studied at the First Alexander Gymnasium, which was distinguished by a high educational level, and in 1909 entered the University of Kiev at the Faculty of Medicine. Then, in 1914, the First World War began. In 1916, after graduation, the future writer worked in a field hospital in Cherepovets and Kamenetz-Podolsky. In September of the same year, he was recalled from the front and sent to head a rural hospital located in Smolensk province.

Vyazemsky period

In 1917, Mikhail Afanasevich was transferred to Vyazma. This life period was reflected in the creation, Notes of the Young Doctor, created in 1926. Bulgakov's works, the list of which is presented below, cannot be imagined without mentioning this work. His main character is a talented doctor, an honest worker, often saving people in seemingly hopeless situations, he acutely senses the difficult situation of the uneducated peasantry from the remote Smolensk villages and feels his powerlessness to change anything for the better.

Revolution

The revolution disrupted the usual way of life. In the essay "Kiev City" (1923), the writer expresses his opinion about it. He notes that with revolutionary transformations, a menacing and sudden “history has come”. Mikhail Afanasevich was released from military service after the October Revolution, and he returned to Kiev, which was soon occupied by German troops. Here the writer plunges into the whirlpool of the outbreak of the Civil War. Bulgakov's works, the list of which is presented below, include creations of these years.

Bulgakov - a doctor

Since Mikhail Afanasevich was a good doctor, both warring parties needed his services. Although he remained faithful to humanistic ideals in all situations, indignation against the cruelty of whites and Petliurists gradually began to build up in his soul, which was later reflected in the stories “On the night of the 3rd” and “The Plaque”, in the novel “The White Guard” and plays "Running" and "Turbin Days". Honestly fulfilling his medical duty, Bulgakov at the end of 1919 became an unwitting witness in Vladikavkaz of cruel crimes. Refusing to take part in this war, at the beginning of 1920 Bulgakov left the Denikin army. The works, a list of which you will find in this article, one way or another reflect these and other biographical details.

Writing career

Mikhail Afanasevich forever decides to leave his medical studies and begin his writing career by writing articles for local newspapers. He finished his first story in the fall of 1919. In the winter of 1919-1920, several feuilletons and short stories were written. In one of them, “A Tribute to Admiration,” the street clashes that occurred during the Civil War and the revolution in Kiev are narrated.

Theater plays

Bulgakov, shortly before White retreated from Vladikavkaz, became seriously ill with relapsing fever. He recovered in the spring of 1920, when units of the Red Army had already occupied the city. Since that time, the writer began to collaborate with the revolutionary committee, with the arts department, and wrote plays for the Ingush and Ossetian theater troupes reflecting his views on the revolution. They were only one-day campaigns and were created mainly in order to survive in difficult times. Mikhail Afanasevich’s Vladikavkaz impressions were reflected in his famous novel “Notes on Cuffs”.

Moving to Moscow

First in Tiflis, and then in Batumi, Bulgakov had the opportunity to emigrate. However, he understood that he should be with the people at this difficult time for the country. Therefore, in 1921, Mikhail Afanasevich moved to Moscow. Since the spring of 1922, articles under his authorship regularly appear in Moscow magazines and newspapers. The satirical essays and pamphlets reflected the main features of the post-revolutionary society. The main object of the writer's satire is the Nouveau riche-Nepman, whom he called the “NEP scum” (short stories “The Chalice of Life” and “Trillionaire”), as well as low-cultural representatives of the population: bazaar merchants, residents of Moscow communal apartments, bureaucrats, and others. Mikhail Afanasevich also notes the features of the new time. In one of his essays, a schoolboy appears (as a symbol of new trends), walking down the street with a new satchel.

Fatal Eggs

Fatal Eggs was published in 1924 by Bulgakov. The works, the list of which is presented below, cannot be imagined without mentioning this story. Its action was transferred to the near imaginary future, more precisely, in 1928. Then the results of the NEP became obvious, including a strong rise in the standard of living of the country's population. Persikov, the protagonist of the story, made a great discovery that could be of great benefit to humanity. But in the hands of self-confident, semi-literate people, with an emerging bureaucracy that flourished during the period of war communism and further strengthened its position during the NEP, this invention turns into a tragedy. Not only Persikov, but also almost all the heroes of Bulgakov's novels of the 1920s fail. In the works, Mikhail Afanasevich sought to convey to the reader the idea of ​​the unpreparedness of modern society to accept new principles of relationships based on respect for work, knowledge and culture.

"Run" and "Turbin Days"

In the plays “Running” and “Days of the Turbins” (1925-1928), the writer depicted the fact that all successive authorities in the Civil War are hostile to the intelligentsia. The characters in these works are typical representatives of the so-called “new intelligentsia”, who at first perceived the revolution either waryly or openly fought against it. Mikhail Afanasevich also related himself to a new layer, about which he wrote with humor in his feuilleton “Capital in a notebook”.

The writer's plight

He sensitively reacted to social changes, felt injustice, doubted the need for measures to be taken, but at the same time did not cease to believe in the people, in the Bulgakov man. The works, the list of which we offer you, reflect this. The heroes of his creations doubted with him and were worried, which was met with unkind criticism. Attacks on the writer in 1929 intensified. All his plays were shot from the stage: "Crimson Island", "Days of the Turbins" and "Zoykin’s apartment". Being in a difficult situation, the writer decides to write a letter to the government in which he asked for permission to leave the country. Soon a conversation took place with Stalin, after which Mikhail Afanasevich was appointed director-assistant of the Moscow Art Theater. They reappeared on the stage of staging Bulgakov’s plays, and after a while the staging of “Dead Souls” (Bulgakov).

All the works, the list of which is presented below, are listed in our article in chronological order, from where you can see that after 1927 no more lines of this author appeared in the press, since he was on the list of banned ones. Despite this, Mikhail Afanasevich did not leave his homeland. It was in our country that Bulgakov created all the works. For a list, years of writing and their names, see the end of the article.

"The Master and Margarita"

In 1933, the writer made an attempt to publish the novel "The Life of Monsieur de Moliere" in the series "ZhZL", but again he was expecting failure. Until his death, Mikhail Afanasevich no longer tried to publish his works. He devoted this time to work on the work “The Master and Margarita,” a novel that became one of the greatest achievements of world prose of the 20th century. It took 12 years of Mikhail Afanasevich's life to work.

The early versions of the work seemed to him insufficiently successful, so for several years he again and again returned to his characters, coming up with new conflicts and scenes. Only in 1932 did the novel acquire a plot completeness.

In recent years, Bulgakov, although he continued to work, was still not published. This broke him and led to an exacerbation of the disease and the ensuing subsequent death. Bulgakov died on March 10, 1940, and was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.

List of Bulgakov's works with dates

Stories:

- "Notes on the cuffs":

• 1922 - "The Extraordinary Adventures of the Doctor", "The Red Crown", "On the Night of the 3rd";
• 1923 - Chinese History, Plaque, Notes on Cuffs;
• 1924 - "Bohemia."

- "Notes of a young doctor":

• 1925 - “Baptism by Turn”, “Darkness of Egypt”;
• 1926 - “Towel with a rooster”, “Blizzard”, “Missing eye”, “Star rash”, as well as the story “I killed” adjacent to the cycle;
• 1927 - The story "Morphine" adjacent to the cycle.

Miscellaneous Mikhail Bulgakov wrote works. The list, the stories from which we have already enumerated, will be supplemented by novels and plays.

Novels:

• 1924 - The White Guard;
• 1962 - "The life of Monsieur de Moliere";
• 1965 - "Notes of the deceased";
• 1967 - "The Master and Margarita."

Plays

• 1925 - "Zoykina apartment";
• 1925 - “The Fist of the Accountant”;
• 1926 - "Days of the Turbins";
• 1930 - "The Cabal of the Holy";
• 1955 - “Alexander Pushkin”;
• 1962 - "Running";
• 1965 - "Ivan Vasilievich";
• 1965 - "Mad Jourdain";
• 1966 - "Bliss";
• 1977 - "Batum";
• 1986 - "War and Peace";
• 1986 - Dead Souls.

These are the main creations that Bulgakov created. The works, the list of which was presented to you, are not limited to those indicated. We did not include feuilleton, articles, essays and some other essays here, which would also be useful to familiarize ourselves with.

Films based on the works of Bulgakov, the list of which was indicated above, were created by many domestic and foreign directors. The most famous film adaptations of The Masters and Margarita are Alexander Petrovich, Yuri Carra and Vladimir Bortko, created in Russia.