Comfortable operation of a country house will not be called in any way, unless it is supplemented by a network of utilities that will provide the amenities so familiar to a person who lives in a big city. You can carry out such work yourself, without resorting to outside help, which will save on builders. One of the main attributes of a comfortable private house or summer house is, of course, sewage, and one of the options for its construction is a pressure system. It provides for the presence of:
- pump station or single pump;
- pipeline;
- capacity or well.
The latter are used to accumulate spent liquids if there is no access to the central sewage system. It is important to remember that pressure sewer should be equipped only when there is no way to mount a gravity system.
Principle of operation
Pressure sewer works according to a certain principle, it provides for the flow of waste fluid from several or one residential building through a system of pipelines that go into a well or other sewage collector. Using a pump, which is supplemented by a device for grinding large elements that enter the system together with wastewater, or a pump installation, pipelines discharge sewage into the central sewer.
Should I use pressure sewer
Pressure sewer has many advantages, among them it is worth highlighting the possibility of using a long pipeline, which is permissible to have a smaller diameter. Among other things, the financial costs of installing and maintaining the system can be reduced, because the treatment facilities will be replaced by a pump.
Such a sewage system is organized in the shortest possible time, and for the arrangement there is no need to carry out unnecessary excavation work, which in the alternative case would be associated with a large amount of equipment. You can be sure that the risk of clogging is minimized, because the grinders used by the pumps are used in the system. Pressure sewer also has a long service life, which is explained by the use of durable pipes, as well as specialized installations. This feature is also due to the absence of volumetric elements in wastewater.
Pipe selection
One of the important points in arranging the described system is the choice of pipes for the construction of a local sewage system. This is due to the fact that the products will perceive quite frequent and high pressure surges. The pumping device will begin to work with a water hammer, which is on the inner surface of the sewage pipe.
When choosing pipes, it is necessary to ensure that they can undergo pressure up to 1.6 MPa. It is important to pay special attention to the strength of butt joints, since these nodes are the most vulnerable. If you lay the outer pipe in the area of freezing soil, you may encounter the occurrence of ice plugs during operation, this increases the requirements for the minimum strength of the pipes and their elasticity. That is why the products must withstand the expansion of ice at the joints.
Not so long ago, pressure sewer was equipped only with cast-iron pipes, which were able to undergo high loads. This material is durable, has a long service life and is resistant to aggressive sewage fluids. But modern systems include polyethylene pressure pipes.
The technique of manufacturing cross-linked polyethylene allows to obtain excellent qualities of elasticity and strength. With their help, you can form bends at small angles. To connect a PVC pipe for sewerage, a welding machine should be used that heats the surface to the melting temperature. As soon as the docking is possible, the mutual penetration of the molecules will occur, which guarantees a high bond strength.
Installation of pressure sewer
The laying of pressure sewer should include the construction of an intermediate sump, which is built according to the same principles as a treatment septic tank. Its capacity is made of plastic structures called Eurocubes. As alternative solutions, reinforced concrete rings, a concrete cube or improvised materials are used, from which a closed tight circuit can be formed.
The intermediate sump is closed, closed, but provides for the presence of a ventilation device for the supply of oxygen, which is so necessary during the activity of aerobic bacteria. Active sludge will accumulate at the bottom of the intermediate sump. Anaerobic bacteria that are able to live without oxygen conduct their activities in it. In the process, sludge is formed, which from time to time must be removed with the help of a cesspool machine. Why the intermediate tank should have a hatch, the dimensions of which will satisfy the needs of these operations.
Recommendations for work
Pressure external sewage is equipped according to a certain algorithm, at the first stage of which it is necessary to create a project, then pipes and necessary equipment are acquired, and then excavation works are carried out to excavate the soil. The pipeline will be laid in the trenches received. The next step will be the installation of pipes and installation of the pump. All parts of the system are connected, if possible, domestic sewage can be connected to the central system.
Prefab Well Assembly
Wells of pressure head sewerage are an important link in the construction of such systems. They should be located near the house, and their bottom must be well waterproofed. Otherwise, there is a possibility that sewage will be in the ground. Surface finishing is carried out with concrete, burnt brick or but. The wall thickness should be approximately 25 cm.
The outer side is insulated with a layer of bitumen, and on the inner side of the well it is necessary to plaster and grind the seams. If the pressure sewer system will include concrete rings, then they are laid on a special plate. In order to extend the life of the pump, the well should have two sections, the first of which will collect wastewater, while the pump is installed in the second, it will work after the water overflows from the first compartment and reaches a certain level.
Pipeline installation slope
The slope of the pressure sewer should be approximately three centimeters per linear meter, this is true for pipes with a diameter of 50 mm or less. If the diameter increases to 110 mm, then the slope should be equal to two centimeters. There is also the maximum possible value for external and internal sewage. PVC pipes for sewerage should be installed taking into account the fact that their total slope from beginning to end should be equal to 15 cm. It is important to consider the level of soil freezing for the installation of an external sewer system.
Features of laying pressure pipes
As you know, one significant advantage of pressure sewer is that the pump is able to provide a pressure that allows you to stack elements of a sufficiently large length, without taking into account the recommended slope. This is also true for those cases when, at large distances, it is rather difficult to take this parameter into account.
Pressure pipes contain a mechanism for grinding. The first of them should have a large diameter. Such a system can be used, for example, for a vegetable processing workshop. Very few requirements are imposed on non-pressure sewage pipes , which cannot be said about the pressure system. Non-pressure sewage system, which has an open type, can be laid even along the gutters in some areas.
When supplying wastewater through pressure pipes, the pressure and mass of the liquid that is in the pipe at a certain point and in any of the sections should be taken into account. Therefore, such pipes should be laid horizontally, only in this way the extra load on them will decrease. It should also be noted that due to the materials used and the wall thickness, pressure pipes are heavier, therefore it is not recommended to lay them on supports or racks, this can be allowed only with a small span. The pressure can be quite high, so any bending load is undesirable.
Conclusion
Today, the most successful solution for pressure sewer are polyethylene pipes, which externally are no different from those made of PVC. But they have a large margin of elasticity and strength, and also have a large wall thickness. For external noise, such pipes are almost impenetrable, in which they are not inferior to cast iron products.