Consider the main stages of an experiment conducted within the framework of any educational or research organization. There is no specific template or ready-made scheme according to which any problem is solved. Experimental activities, as well as features of actions, directly depend on its specifics.
General structure
It includes the following required elements:
- the subject of knowledge, as well as its direct activity;
- object for the experiment;
- means of influence on the analyzed object
Such elements are rightfully considered universal. On their basis, experimental activity is carried out not only in research institutes and laboratories, but also in ordinary general educational organizations.
Algorithm specifics
Consider the main stages of the study, as well as those components that must be considered to obtain reliable results. Any experiment involves a certain sequence of actions:
- identification and statement of a specific problem;
- formulation of the hypothesis of practical or theoretical research;
- development of a mechanism of work;
- the choice of methodology for the experiment;
- data processing
Problem advancement
It is difficult to imagine experimental research methods without first setting a hypothesis. When formulating it, the direction of work, the features of the academic discipline (scientific field), are taken into account. The final result of all the work, the relevance and significance of the project directly depend on the correctness of the assumption.
Hypothesis Example
If the research work involves an analysis of the qualities of Ivan-tea, we suggest making a small introduction. Theoretical studies have shown that in Russia they used Ivan-tea infusion for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Confirmation of the unique properties of this drink are studies conducted by the Russian chemist Pyotr Aleksandrovich Badmaev. He claimed that he was able to live a hundred years only because he constantly consumed the infusion of a unique plant.
Ivan tea has a unique chemical composition, therefore, by right it is called a pantry of nature. The content of ascorbic acid in it is six times higher than this indicator in lemon.
Experimental research methods have shown that the drink is suitable for the prevention of colds. Gradually, the traditions of using willow-tea are lost, and this healthy drink is undeservedly excluded from the diet.
Given the relevance of the issue under consideration, the research will compare the chemical properties of willow tea and classic tea, identifying their similar and distinctive parameters.
The purpose of the study: quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in the taken tea samples, comparison of taste indicators of the samples used.
Hypothesis: Indian tea is significantly inferior to Ivan tea in the quantitative composition of ascorbic acid and organoleptic parameters.
The preparation and conduct of the experiment is carried out precisely on the basis of the hypothesis advanced.
Development of an action plan
At this stage, it is supposed to identify the object and subject of the ongoing research, the amount of work, the choice of methodology. All stages of the experiment must be interconnected, otherwise it will be impossible to talk about the reliability of the results.
For example, to study the organoleptic characteristics of Ivan tea, you can use the following components.
The objectives of the study:
- to reveal the organoleptic parameters of the selected samples during the tasting process;
- perform mathematical calculations by titration.
The subject of experiments: the quantitative content of vitamin C in the original samples of tea.
Object of analysis: Ivan-tea and classic Indian tea.
Research Methods:
- literature review;
- iodometric analysis (titrimetric study);
- statistical processing of the results
Sequencing
The main stages of the experiment associated with this work are similar to the general structure.
After identifying the object, subject and hypothesis, the method is selected. Despite the fact that there are several methods for the quantitative determination of ascorbic acid, the iodometric method is suitable for the described experiment. It is available for detecting the quantitative content of iodine in Ivan tea in a simple school chemistry laboratory.
Determination of vitamin C content in tea leaves involves the following stages of the experiment:
- preparation of a starch solution;
- determination of ascorbic acid content by iodometry method in tea samples studied.
To determine the vitamin C content in tea samples, it is first important to titrate the extract of ascorbic acid in an acidic medium using an iodine solution with a given molar concentration. This organic compound is easily destroyed, therefore, to prevent the decomposition process, an acidic environment of the solution is created (by adding 5% hydrochloric acid).
When considering the concept of an experiment, the types of experiment, it is important to pay attention to the statistical processing of the results obtained during the work. In addition to carrying out mathematical calculations, it is important, when formulating conclusions, to build on the assumption made at the initial stage (hypotheses).
Research conclusion option
The hypothesis posed at the first stage of the work was fully confirmed. During the implementation of the experimental part of this research work by the method of iodometry, the amount of organic matter in all the analyzed samples was calculated. The results obtained indicate that the natural drink in question is a true pantry of vitamin C for the human body.
Given the severe climatic features of the northern region, the consumption by the population of all products with a high content of ascorbic acid becomes relevant. The weighted average rate of physiological needs for vitamin C in the Far North is 120-200 mg per day (50% higher than in other regions of the Russian Federation). To saturate the body with ascorbic acid, it is enough to consume from 30 to 50 grams of willow tea per day.
Ivan tea has a pleasant aroma. This drink brings the body into tone, adds vitality. It has a preventive effect on the whole body as a whole. In the heat, there is no better way than hot Ivan-tea for quenching thirst.