If you want to make your home more comfortable, then you should insulate its facade. A lean owner will not have a thermal insulation layer only indoors. This is due to many factors. Firstly, this will make the interior less spacious. Secondly, external insulation allows you to shift the dew point outside the facade. Thirdly, such work can be done without harming the interior decoration. The main thing in this case is only to choose a method of thermal insulation and cladding of external walls.
You may prefer a ventilated facade system, the installation of which involves the installation of panels or porcelain stoneware. Some people prefer wet technology. It involves the use of plaster. In order to make a choice, you should consider these options, having familiarized yourself with the technology of work.
Facades from porcelain tile: preparation
The installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade begins with the preparation stage. On the surface, mark the points that you will be guided when installing the brackets. Initially, lighthouse lines are defined. It will be necessary to draw a lower horizontal mark.
You can determine the extreme points using the level. On the facade, vertical lines are noted. For this, the plumb bob must be lowered for this. Then proceed to install the brackets. Using a puncher, holes are made in the wall where the paronite gasket is installed. To fix the bearing brackets, anchor dowels and a screwdriver will be needed.
Installation of wind and heat insulation
The technology of porcelain stoneware facade installation at the next stage involves the installation of a thermal insulation layer. A heater plate is hung through the holes for the brackets. Next comes wind protection, which will also fulfill the role of waterproofing. These layers are temporarily fixed. It is important to observe the overlap of the paintings, which is 100 mm.
Through the windshield and thermal insulation, it is necessary to drill holes in the wall for installing plate-shaped dowels. You need to start from the bottom row. Insulation plates are first installed on the base or start profile. Then you can follow from bottom to top.
The canvases should be arranged horizontally in a checkerboard pattern. There should not be any through gaps between the elements. If necessary, the plates are cut with a hand tool. When the project involves laying the insulation in two layers, plate-shaped dowels are used. With the help of them, the internal plates are fixed on the wall.
Rail Installation
The installation of the facade of the house using the technology of the ventilated system at the next stage involves the installation of rails. Vertical brackets are attached to the brackets. Their fastening is carried out with rivets. In the support brackets, the profile is installed freely. This will ensure its vertical movement if thermal deformations occur. In places of vertical joining of profiles, 10 mm gaps must be left. This will exclude deformation during moisture fluctuations.
Wall cladding with porcelain stoneware
The technology of the facade consists of several stages. At the next you can proceed to facing. You can mount it in one of two ways - visible or invisible. In the first embodiment, the elements of the fastening system will protrude beyond the coating. In this case, the frame is made of metal and will be profiles on which panels are fastened with screws.
Installation can also be done on:
After finishing work, the fastenings are painted in the color of porcelain. Facade building using porcelain tiles is usually accompanied by the use of invisible fasteners. This allows you to make the external walls monolithic in appearance.
Mounting methods may vary. Sometimes glue is used. In this case, the plates are installed on the supporting profiles. If the fastening is mechanical (hidden), then in the holes are drilled in advance for installation on anchor dowels. But if profiles are used, then cuts are made at the ends of the finish.
Another method is to use pins that replace dowels. The mount can be combined. It allows you to achieve the greatest reliability. The technology is a combination of mechanical and adhesive fasteners. The plates are glued to the profiles and additionally fixed with mechanical fasteners.
Facade technology using panels
Having decided to use the panels for decoration, you will need to choose the material. It can be single layer. In this case, the basis is polyvinyl chloride imitating brick or masonry. PVC panels have fillers that can improve the performance of the cladding.
Multilayer products are also called thermal panels. They should not be confused with sandwich panels, which are used for the construction of partitions and walls. The basis is a solid insulation and a protective outer layer. As insulation can be made:
- basalt or mineral wool;
- polystyrene foam;
- extruded polystyrene foam;
- polyurethane foam;
- foam glass.
The device facades of the panels provides for compliance with several stages, at the first of which it is necessary to check the condition of the walls. On a well-prepared surface, the panels are fixed without glue or mounting foam. You can use self-tapping screws or anchors for this.
If the base is quite uneven, then the panels can be installed on foam or glue. Also used is the mounting method on the frame. It consists in creating a facade covered with metal profiles or wooden battens. This technology provides for insulation. The facade device involves the installation of thermal insulation, and then the panels themselves are mounted. This technology also allows you to create a ventilated facade system . A narrow layer of air will remain between the plates and the insulation.
If you want to use thermal panels, then you can cut them with a grinder with a diamond disk. At the lower elevation of the facade, a starting profile is installed, which is fastened with a dowel-self-tapping screw. Installation should start from the corner. For fastening the panels, plate-shaped dowels with a flat head are used. Under each dowel in the heater, holes are drilled for the diameter of the head. It is important that after installing the fasteners it is flush with the thermal insulation and does not interfere with the joint of the cladding products.
Additionally, the panels can be fixed with a dowel-self-tapping screw. Holes are drilled for them, which should be placed in the seams between the tiles. After completion of work, the traces are hidden with putty. It will need to be selected in color to the wall.
Stucco facade technology
Wet finish is so popular because of the minimal number of cold bridges. At the preparatory stage, the basis should be evaluated. The wall is cleaned of contaminants, and then checked for bearing and adhesive characteristics. Damaged trim areas are removed and replaced with new ones.
If the facade is uneven, then you can eliminate errors using plaster mortar. The technique provides for the installation of a profile bar. It will contribute to an even distribution of the load from the insulation boards, which are laid next.
Profile fastening is carried out at a height of 0.4 m from the ground level. Self-tapping screws or dowels can act as fasteners. Next, you can proceed with the installation of the insulating layer.
The device of the stucco facade usually involves the use of expanded polystyrene plates or mineral wool. Installation of thermal insulation is carried out on the basement profile. From the edge of the plate it is necessary to step back 3 cm and apply a glue solution around the perimeter. Glue is applied to the central space pointwise. You should fill about 40% of the area of the slab.
The insulation is well pressed against the wall and adjacent plates. Excess glue is removed. 3 days after these works, the insulation layer is additionally strengthened with dowels. Then you can begin to install the reinforcing layer.
The facade device involves the processing of angular bevels of door and window openings. The reinforcement process will look as follows: an adhesive composition is applied to the insulation, into which the reinforcing mesh of fiberglass is embedded. A covering layer of the same composition is applied over it.
Finishing stage
After the reinforcing layer has dried, which will happen in about a week, a finishing layer of plaster is applied on top. The mixture must be moisture resistant, steam conducting and resistant to mechanical stress. The basement should be waterproofed. Additionally, this area of the building is insulated with materials with a reduced coefficient of moisture permeability.
When to start finishing
The facade is installed using wet technology after installing the roof and wiring, as well as installing doors and windows. Work must be carried out in the warm season. The base layer is protected from direct sunlight, otherwise the material may become cracked. This also applies to atmospheric precipitation, they can wash away dry plaster. Shelter for about a day. Ideal for this is matte polyethylene.
Dressing
The facade device using this technology may include applying a decorative layer after the plaster dries. As a material for this, water-based acrylic paint is usually used. It is applied to the primer, having previously been diluted with water. Cement-based mineral plasters are slightly more expensive. They give the surface a different texture as a “bark beetle” or “fur coat”.
Which composition to choose for the finish
Even more expensive are silicone compositions with a filler in the form of fine granite chips. The most expensive decorative layer will be mosaic plaster. Its high cost is due to the presence of colored stone chips and transparent resins in the composition. After hardening, the mixture forms a glassy smooth top layer.
Finally
The device of facades today is carried out by different technologies. This can be a ventilated system or wall decoration with stucco. You can choose the technique that you can handle on your own, because it will save.