Plants of the Russian forest are very diverse. The presence of certain species, the nature of their development depends primarily on the type of trees present in a particular territory. So, for example, in broad-leaved forests, shoots of many herbaceous plants begin to die in the fall, and in some - from the very beginning of summer. By spring, they begin to develop from bulbs, rhizomes and tubers. Some forest plants drop leaves in the spring, when new foliage appears.
The appearance and ecology of the range is constantly changing. After the snow melts, the soil is exposed. It is usually covered with decayed leaves that fell off last year. After a few days, the first spring plants of the forest will appear on it. Soon the first flowers will appear. Often you can observe that next to the still snowy areas bloom blue spills, lilac crested, chistyak, golden anemones and other flowering wild plants. All of these perennial flowers are called ephemeroids. With the onset of early spring, you can see the colorful "carpet" that they form in the forest. However, with the onset of summer, when the soil begins to be obscured by the foliage of trees, the aboveground parts of the ephemeroids will begin to die. These forest plants have already stored nutrients in their underground organs. By autumn, wintering buds will begin to develop on the rhizomes. By next year, shoots will again appear from these buds.
Spring flowering plants of the forest are distinguished by bright yellow, blue and pink tones. Pollinating insects - butterflies and bumblebees - notice them from afar. Some plants tend to change color. So, for example, the freshly blossomed flowers of the nomad and medunica are bright pink in color. After pollination, they turn purple, then blue. This is due to the fact that after pollination, the acid reaction of the cell juice changes to alkaline. At the same time, insects distinguish pollinated flowers without visiting them.
After the appearance of early spring flowers, as a rule, hazel begins to turn green. A few weeks later, oak leaves begin to bloom . The grass cover becomes greener and brighter, the flowering of shrubs and trees begins. Brushes of flowers cover bird cherry.
With the onset of summer, shrubs and trees become completely green. Shading intensifies in the forest. Early bright flowers were fading by then. Most forest plants blooming in summer are covered with white flowers. Their pollination is carried out mainly by flies.
All plants bloom closer to fall. Only green mushroom caps and bright berries on shrubs contrast with the green foliage background. With the onset of autumn, the leaves on the trees change color. Along with this, the grass cover of the soil becomes straw yellow. The last autumn leaves will be cut off by wind and rain. Winter is coming soon.
In winter, the soil is covered with a layer of snow. During this period, the life of the forest vegetation freezes. However, under the snow, under the fallen leaves, you can see the breaking whitish sprouts. Under the snow, plants not only live, but also develop. By spring, the stems will become stronger, larger. Before the melting of the snow cover, under a very shallow layer, the sprouts of the early plants will begin to turn green, a little later the buds will begin to stain.
On the soil, a layer of fallen leaves creates a large amount of humus, which insulates the soil. In addition, thick snow cover contributes to warming. Due to this, ephemeroids can grow and develop even in winter, under the snow. However, it should be said that such development is characteristic only of those plants that have wintering organs in which nutrient components are accumulated over the summer. However, not all ephemeroids, the structure of which provides for the presence of wintering organs, can develop under snow. So, for example, the lily of the valley begins to grow only after the snow melts.