Under the estimate is understood the total amount of costs necessary for the implementation of construction, repair, restoration, specialized and other works.
They are:
What is an estimate? In what cases is it made up, and in which not? What does it include? About this in this article.
Estimated cost
In order to have an idea of what money investments will be required for the implementation of construction work, taking into account the wages of workers, the cost of materials (project materials at this stage), the rental of machinery and equipment (if necessary, will be required to carry out the work), as well as related invoices costs, an estimate is made (object estimates, local, and so on).
Developed by:
- construction;
- reconstruction;
- overhaul and more.
Since construction has been carried out since ancient times, is being carried out at present and will always accompany humanity, this topic remains relevant at any time and regardless of era or economic situation.
Drawing up procedure
Estimates are made for each design stage. Be it: preparatory work, the zero cycle, the aerial part, the roof, finishing work, landscaping, and so on - if this is a project. Further, as construction proceeds, volumes and cost indicators can be slightly refined and adjusted in the acts of the work performed.
All necessary quantitative data: lengths, areas, volumes - the surveyor or engineer of the production and technical department takes from the specifications attached to the project. And also considers the missing indicators according to the drawings (if any).
The special program already has the necessary database, which determines the average wage for specific types of work and the cost of materials necessary for their implementation. The cost of materials can already be incorporated into the project.
There is one unshakable rule: the budget documentation is always drawn up in a certain order, which does not change depending on the method of construction (contracting, housekeeping).
Decoding of estimates and calculations
As noted above, there are several types of estimates and calculations; all of them are equally important in the performance of the relevant work. Let's first determine what the first concept and second mean.
An estimate is a document of a completed nature that does not require amendments. And the estimated calculation - requires clarification and adjustment, that is, it is incomplete.
There are still types of costs, summaries of costs, statements of resources, unit rates for the types of work, costing, and so on.
Definition
An object estimate is such a special document that combines the quantitative and material data for one or more objects reflected in local estimates. And they are the basis for determining the contract price for specific structures or stages of work.
Object calculation is the same estimate, with the difference that it can still be clarified on the basis of working documentation. In this type of estimates (calculation), single-line data is calculated on a unit-by-unit basis for an object that is being built or repaired (reconstructed).
There are situations when a local estimate is sufficient to determine the total cost, then the object is not drawn up.
What costs are included
As a rule, an object estimate is the cost of one or more structures, types of work. Even if this enterprise is part of a dwelling, then each of them will have its own estimate.
And the corresponding distribution of the cost of structures, materials, and so on between the residential premises and non-residential is carried out in accordance with the “Guidelines on the composition of costs”.
In some cases, it is acceptable that two object estimates be drawn up for two different objects. But in its final part, it is important to separate the costs of the residential part and other premises.
Also, the final part of the object budget is additionally included limited costs:
- If the work is carried out in the winter or summer time - to increase the cost of work.
- Unforeseen expenses that may be necessary during the work. But in case of their preservation - they are returned to the customer (investor) - as refundable amounts.
- To title buildings (temporary structures).
If several local estimates are compiled for one type of work, then they are combined into one object, having a common name.
Drawing up an object estimate
They are compiled in a specific order, usually composed of informational-digital local data. Work and costs are grouped in the columns: "Estimated cost of construction work", "Estimated cost of installation work", "Estimated cost of equipment", "Other costs".
In the "Equipment" section, the estimated cost of the equipment is highlighted, according to the working drawings, as well as the inventory necessary to carry out the work.
Also, on the basis of object estimates for construction, a bill of materials is compiled, on the basis of which settlements are subsequently made between the customer and the contractor for the resource part of the construction.
Other types of estimates
As well as object, local and summary estimates are also the main documents on the costs of construction and other types of work.
Local relate to the initial estimate documentation. They are calculated by type of work and cost, based on the volumes taken from the drawings of the working documentation.
The left part is a description of the work and costs, as well as codes for work and materials, machines and mechanisms that comply with state building standards. Here are units of measure related to work or materials (machines and mechanisms), taken out per line.
In the rest of the estimate, there are direct costs in rubles, according to the work per unit of measure, quantity and their product. This makes it possible to see the full cost for the entire volume of work (including the material part of construction, repair, and so on).
Therefore, the local estimate is considered to be the most informative of information, since it contains detailed data on the costs and types of work performed.
A consolidated estimate calculation (estimate) is also compiled on the basis of object estimates - this is the total cost of construction of buildings or construction queues. Here taxes, profit are already included and the general contract price is reflected.
At the end of each stage of work, acts of completed work are drawn up, which are already secondary documentation and may deviate slightly from estimates.
Additional Information
The construction industry currently uses the following methods for calculating estimated cost:
- resource;
- resource index;
- basic index;
- basic compensation.
The most accurate and reliable are the first and second methods. But there are times when the third is quite suitable for calculations and costing.