When laying a young garden, beginner gardeners plant trees. This event may seem to them quite simple. However, quite often, serious mistakes are made, which are sometimes very difficult to fix.
Where to start landing?
First of all, you should plan the entire site and determine a place for each garden culture. Familiarize yourself with the rules for planting trees and shrubs in the garden. Next, select varieties that will be suitable for the area where it is planned to form a fruit garden. Decide on the landing time. It can be spring or autumn, and for each season there are deadlines for planting on the site, which should not be violated. Failure to comply with them can lead to the death of plants.
Planting dates in spring
Each agricultural technique corresponds to a certain time of the year. Inexperienced beginner gardeners wait for warm weather to start work in the garden. By this time, the purchased seedlings are already dissolving buds. Planting fruit trees in the spring on the plot begins as soon as the snow melts.
At this time, the seedlings are at rest. A signal that the planting of seedlings of fruit trees in the spring is finished and it is time to stop work is the swelling of the kidneys.
The effect of the moon on plants
Once the time is set and the weather allows access to the garden, let's look at the sowing calendar, which will make its own adjustments to the order of work. A certain phase of the moon favors certain operations performed by gardeners. Planting fruit trees in the spring on the lunar calendar allows you to correctly determine the most favorable days. There is also a period that will not be successful for any agricultural practices. Work begins in the garden in March. At this time, on a waning moon , pruning of branches and the formation of the crown of trees are carried out. April is the time when seedlings of fruit trees are planted in spring.
It remains only to choose a favorable day for this. In spring, fruit trees are planted according to the calendar with the growing moon. The waning phase is a favorable time for protective measures against wintering pests.
Choosing the Right Planting Material
If the planting date is determined, it's time to think about the seedlings. When choosing it, climatic conditions, features of the relief of the garden plot, the composition and quality of the soil, as well as the depth of the groundwater are important. For example, planting fruit trees in the spring in the suburbs of Moscow will be successful and will contribute to the formation of a healthy and well-bearing fruit garden, if you make the right choice of regionalized tree varieties.
The most suitable for the area will be those that have good winter-hardiness. The list of such varieties can be made:
- Apple trees - Antonovka, White Bulk, Imrus, Melba, Moscow Winter, Medunitsa;
- pears - Marble, Lada, August dew, Veles;
- plums - Renklod Liya, Blue Gift, late Vitebsk, Moscow Hungarian;
- cherries - Assol, Bulatnikovskaya, Generous;
- cherries - Tyutchevka, Revna.
Planting fruit trees in the spring in the Moscow region is carried out according to generally accepted rules. The root system of the purchased seedlings should not dry out during transportation.
Rules for placing garden plants
Winter-hardy varieties of fruit crops grow well in the Moscow Region. After the choice of plants is made and the days of the growing phase of the moon are determined, we proceed to work on the site. Planting seedlings of fruit trees begins with planning the garden space. All plants should be placed in a certain order, taking into account the distances between them, as well as a sufficient distance from buildings and neighbors.
Placing trees on the siteName of culture | The distance between the trees, m | Removal from buildings, m | The distance from the neighboring plot, m |
Apple tree | 5-6 | 5 | 4 |
Pear | 5-6 |
Plum (medium) | 3 | 2 |
Cherry (medium) | 3 |
In the spring, fruit trees are planted according to a pre-thought out scheme. Plants should not oppress and obscure each other, as well as fall into the shadow zones of buildings. The distance to the neighboring garden should also be observed.
The layout of plants in the garden can be square, rectangular or staggered.
Planting Trees: Rules for Preparing Planting Pits
The survival rate of a seedling depends not only on the dates that the lunar calendar will tell you. This event requires compliance with certain rules. Seats are prepared in advance, the dimensions of which depend on the characteristics of the fruit culture. For plants dig holes, the dimensions of which are:
- stone species of trees: depth - 60 cm, diameter - 40 cm;
- pome tree species: depth - 80 cm, diameter - 60-80 cm.
If the garden has dense clay soil, the seats will be less deep and larger in diameter. When digging a hole, the topsoil is removed and placed separately, without mixing with the rest. This is a fertile layer. Organic, mineral fertilizers are added to it and fill the seat. For one tree you will need: two or three buckets of humus, three buckets of peat, per kilogram of wood ash and superphosphate.
In the absence of mineral fertilizers are limited to compost and humus. You should not use fresh manure as a nutritional supplement, which can harm the root system.
Seedling placement rules
Planting fruit trees in spring provides for the early preparation of seats. They are cooked in the fall. Pits are dug and half-filled with rotted manure or compost. In spring, young trees will be placed in them. A seedling is placed in the prepared pits. Before him, broken shoots are removed. Damaged roots shorten, leaving healthy.
However, without special need, it is better not to disturb the root system. If it is very dry during transportation, immersion in water for 12-24 hours is necessary. Immediately before planting, it is advisable to lower the roots of the seedling into an earthenware mash. One-, two-year-old trees have the best survival rate. When planting, pay attention to the location of the seedling relative to the cardinal points. It is planted in the same orientation as it was grown in the nursery. In this case, the plant adapts to certain conditions during the first years of life. When considering a young tree, you can see that the trunk has a heterogeneous color. The side of the trunk, which was oriented to the south, is darker than the one that was turned to the north.
After placing the seedling, the pit is filled with a prepared fertile mixture. From above, the trunk circle is covered with soil that has been dug from the bottom of the seat. Complete the landing with abundant watering. In this case, after the subsidence of the earthen mixture, the root neck of the tree should be located at ground level. The trunk circle is mulched with peat.
Landing on a hill
This method is used for close occurrence of groundwater. Planting fruit trees on a hill in spring is performed in a certain sequence. Choose a seat. Drive in a count. The height of the support is 1.5 m in height, the thickness is at least 5-6 cm. Around the stake, they dig the soil to a depth of twenty centimeters and distribute organic fertilizers at the rate of 8 kg per square meter. After this, the seedling is attached to the support. The root system is straightened. Pour a hill of nutritious earth mixture. From above it is fixed with turf. As the seedling grows, the near-stem circle is enlarged by adding earth mixture.
Seedling Care
Planting fruit trees in spring provides for the installation of special watering holes. Saplings of fruit trees will require attention and careful care. Drying of the trunk circle is not allowed. This requires regular watering. Also, the soil cover is loosened and weed is removed. An important event is the protection against pests and diseases. In accordance with the lunar calendar, it should be performed on May days on the waning moon. At the same time, pinch young shoots.
Planting large-sized
Incorrect planting results in a thickened garden. If the necessary distances were not maintained during planting, the plants subsequently obscure each other. At the same time, the yield decreases, the risk of diseases and mass damage by pests increases. You can solve this problem. For this, trees are transplanted, the height of which can exceed three meters. Planting fruit trees in spring allows the use of large trees as a material.
To do this, they are dug in a radius of 0.8 m. Part of the root system should be chopped off. A dug tree is laid to one side. In accordance with the size of the root system, a new seat is prepared with clean and even edges. The bottom is well loosened and filled with a layer of fertile earth. A tree with a lump of earth is placed in a pit. They fill it with a special earthen mixture. Filling the pit is done in layers, periodically compacting each of them. This will securely fix the tree. When the pit is full, the soil is well trampled and watered abundantly.