More recently, life in a private home has been associated with some domestic inconveniences. So, for example, there were no rooms with a bath or shower, there was no full-fledged sink in the kitchen, washing was done by hand, and the toilet was completely outside. As for the availability of water, it had to be brought in buckets from the nearest well or column. As a result, almost the entire amount was spent right there. For washing dishes or bathing, it was necessary to heat water in large containers. But today, almost no owner has these problems. They were solved by a full water supply and sewage system at home. However, today in some dwellings everything is as before. Owners of such uncomfortable structures seek to improve the situation. Next, we will analyze what constitutes a water supply scheme for a private house.
Centralized Connection: General
Water supply at home can be equipped in several ways. The difference is in the sources. Centralized water supply is possible only if there is a highway near the building. Connection is carried out by the control organization. To do this, contact the appropriate department in the area. The organization will provide a water supply scheme for a private house. It contains information about the place of connection, its technical characteristics, the depth and diameter of the elements. The guaranteed pressure (pressure) of water will also be indicated .
Centralized Connectivity Features
As practice shows, such a water supply scheme has some disadvantages. In particular, during operation, pressure may drop sharply or initially may be insufficient and not ensure the normal functioning of the systems. In addition, various additives may be contained in the water itself, including chlorine. During emergency repairs on the highway, water will not flow into the house until the end of the work. Payment is carried out in accordance with the meter every month. One of the advantages of a centralized system is that when the power is cut off, water will continue to flow into the house.
Autonomous system
Connection in this case can be carried out in one of two ways. So, the water supply of the house from the well can be arranged. Such a system is relevant under certain conditions. The arrangement of the well, as a rule, is carried out when suitable for drinking, high-quality water lies at a depth of four to fifteen meters. Moreover, its layer should be such as to ensure the needs of a family of 4 people. The average water supply is 200 liters. The disadvantage of such a connection is the probability of groundwater penetration. There is another connection option. Many owners of suburban real estate equip the water supply of the house from the well. What exactly is better to build on the site will depend on the properties of the soil in the first place. Equally important is the depth of the location and occurrence of aquifers and their productivity.
Comparative characteristics of autonomous systems
Water supply of a private house from a well has its advantages. Let's consider them in more detail. The first and indisputable advantage of having such an object on the site is that in case of equipment malfunctions, water will still be in the house. It can be typed in buckets. The period of operation of the well is not less than half a century. It doesn’t require a lot of money for its arrangement. Well life is an order of magnitude less. At the same time, a relatively large amount will have to be paid for its construction. In this regard, the size of the budget will be one of the fundamental moments in deciding what kind of water supply will be selected for a private house. The price depends on many circumstances: the method of drilling, type of construction, and more. As a rule, special equipment is involved in the work. Digging in most cases, the owners carry out themselves. This significantly saves money. Before making a final decision, you should talk with local residents. For example, you can take water from your neighbors. Usually, if wells are dug in the majority, then it is better to equip it on your own site.
Drilling features
There are two types of wells: artesian and "on sand". The choice of which structure to equip depends on the type and depth of the layer from which water will be taken. The “sand” well was called so because drilling affects the upper layers of the “sand horizon”. It lies behind the loam, which, in turn, is a filter for groundwater. Artesian wells are drilled to a layer of limestone rock. Its depth can be 135 m.
Sand drilling
This kind of well can go 40-50 meters deep into the earth. Sometimes in the process of drilling it turns out to get into the channel of an underground river. In this case, the depth of the well may be only 15 m. In this case, filters and pipes for water supply will not be blocked by sand particles, since the layer has a pebble structure. The duration of operation of the facility may be 15-20 years. An ordinary well can serve from 5 to 7 years. 15 meter depth is easier to achieve manually. In addition, excavation will be significantly reduced. At the same time, it is more likely to get into a good layer, since drilling is carried out experimentally. The use of special equipment requires, of course, high costs. At the same time, according to some experts, such drilling will be less effective. The explanation is simple. The fact is that the machine only drills to a predetermined depth. In this case, it will be quite difficult to get into a good layer.
The second type of autonomous sources
Water from an artesian well is of higher quality. In this case, the supply of raw materials has virtually no restrictions. It is at least 1,500 liters. There is no need to install special equipment for water intake. The fact is that in this case there is high pressure. Thanks to him, water itself breaks out. The duration of operation of the source is 50 years. However, the artesian well has its drawbacks. Firstly, it is its high cost. And secondly, such objects must be registered, since the aquifer limestone layer belongs to the state strategic reserve.
Required Items
The water supply scheme of a private house involves the use of special equipment. It can be installed both in the residential building itself and directly above the source. To supply raw materials, water supply stations for the home can be used. Thanks to their use, uninterrupted supply and pressure are ensured. The water supply pump is connected to a hydraulic accumulator. To it, in turn, branches are attached. When water turns on somewhere in the house, for example, a faucet opens in the bathroom or in the kitchen, the pressure gradually begins to decrease in the system. The control is considered a mark of 2.2 bar. When the pressure drops to this value, a special relay is activated. Due to it, the pump starts, again starting to pump water. This continues until the pressure rises to 3 bar. After that, the same relay is activated again and the pump is switched off.
The cost of the main elements
When installing the pump above the source, a caisson is used. In it, in fact, is docking. The cost of the caisson will be about 15,000 rubles. The price of the pump is set in accordance with the technical qualities. The average cost is in the range from 2000 to 40 000 rubles. Experts do not recommend purchasing a pump in advance. This is due to the fact that the technical characteristics of the source will be provided after drilling. Therefore, it is more advisable to purchase a pump in accordance with them. So you can choose the optimal type of product that will ensure uninterrupted supply.
Private house water supply scheme
The system should consist of the following elements:
- Water source.
- Accumulator. It is necessary to form a specific pressure and control the pump.
- Filters. They are used for water treatment and water treatment. For a competent choice of equipment, it is necessary to take samples and conduct an examination. A separate outlet is set up for process water. It does not need to be filtered because it is not used for drinking or cooking.
- Pump.
- Heating equipment. Due to it, hot water is provided at home.
- Collector system.
Features of arrangement
Installation of water supply is best done in warm time (summer). During this period, there is less chance of making a mistake with the location of a good layer. The water level at this time is the lowest, the soil is supple, which makes it easy to dig trenches. Many owners do not purchase a hydraulic accumulator due to its high cost. It is replaced with makeshift designs to control the pump.
Place for source
Digging wells is quite common today. Its arrangement is less laborious and costly. In addition, as mentioned above, in the event of any unforeseen circumstances, water can be withdrawn with a bucket. However, before you start digging, you must choose the right place. Search can be carried out using folk methods or modern appliances. A reliable, but fairly old way is to visually monitor the volume and presence of dew in the morning (from 4-5 in the morning) for six months. The collected information is outlined, then charts are drawn up, analyzing in which area the largest congestion is noted.
When choosing a place for a well, some sanitary restrictions must be taken into account. So, for example, in a radius of 50 meters from the future source there should not be cesspools, toilets, compost heaps, sewage and other pollution. It is not recommended to dig a well very close to home. This is due to the fact that leaching of sand can provoke foundation shifts. After the place for the future source is determined, it is necessary to order a project. Water supply of a private house as a whole is a laborious and relatively costly process (the cost of drawing up a plan, for example, is about 50 r / m2). But as a result, residents of a residential building get the necessary amenities and comfort. Of course, you can try to make a plan yourself. But not everyone has engineering skills and relevant knowledge. While preparing a project for water supply at home, you can start digging a well.
Pit
One of the common options for arranging a water source is a well with reinforced concrete rings. First you need to level the site. Next, draw a circle whose radius will be greater than the ring by about 10-20 centimeters. Digging is done with a shovel. You need to stop when the edge of the reinforced concrete ring protrudes 10 cm when installed in the pit. As a rule, the bead height of the element is 90 cm, but sometimes 100. As soon as the required depth is reached, the ring drops into the pit. In this case, it is necessary to install at least three connecting brackets on its end. Further digging must continue. The depth should again correspond to the height of the ring. The soil is folded into a container and rises up. After the required depth is reached, the first ring goes down, and the second is fixed to its end with brackets. It is necessary to make a hole in it, the diameter of which is 1.5 times larger than that of a pipe for water supply. Further work should continue. Digging and installation of rings stops from the moment when water begins to leak into the well. I must say that, as a rule, this is a fairly intensive process. Intensive water intake is usually observed on the 6-8th ring. In this case, it is desirable that there are more than 3 fontanels. At this point, you should stop, pump out sand with water and remove the soil. Then you need to go deep about another half a meter. In this case, the pump should continue to work, since the flow of water is very intense. At the end of the excavation, the pit should be left for a day to find out the level. At the same time, it is necessary to cover the shaft from above so that by chance someone does not fall into it.
Final stage
After a day, you should check the water level. Optimum will be 1-1.5 meters. This water must be pumped out. Small stones are further placed on the bottom, then a layer of crushed stone of 30-50 cm is poured. This creates a filter for water. All joints of the rings must be sealed with cement-sand mortar. If the work is done correctly, then the shaft should be filled with approximately one and a half concrete rings.
Connection
Installation of water supply involves the installation of equipment and the laying of bends. From the source to the structure it is necessary to dig a trench lower than the depth of freezing of the soil. A pipe will fit into it. The material from which this element is made can be any. Here you need to focus on the budget and the necessary characteristics. Often choose plastic pipes. They are convenient for installation, have flexibility, strength and durability. As for the pump, experts recommend installing it in the utility room of the structure.
Tap laying
The pipe should be inserted into the hole in the ring, bent and lowered to the very water. A strainer is inserted inside the element . The lower edge of the pipe should be located at a distance of 30-40 cm from the bottom of the shaft. After that, it is necessary to pump out the water again. Then a pin is driven into the bottom. A pipe will be fixed to it. In the concrete ring, the hole is sealed with cement mortar. Then the trench must be buried. At a depth of 40 cm and a distance from the rings of 1.5 meters, a clay castle half a meter thick is arranged near the source. So the well will be protected from the penetration of groundwater and rainwater.
Some recommendations for choosing equipment
Depending on the technical characteristics of the well, a water supply installation is selected. As a rule, the most common units are pumped from a depth of 9, and raised to a height of 40 meters. For a remote source, it is more advisable to purchase a self-priming centrifugal pump equipped with an external injector. He is able to swing from a depth of 45 meters.
Unit Installation
Where the pumping station will be located, in winter the temperature should not be lower than two degrees. Next, we consider the main points of installation. Before entering the pump, a check valve and a filter for coarse cleaning are installed. After the unit, an element for fine filtration is laid. Next, you need to connect a manometer, pressure switch and other devices. A pipe is brought into the collector that distributes water to consumers. In conclusion, a wiring is put in the premises.
Well water supply
The choice of source location is subject to the same restrictions as those described above. The only difference is that the well can be in close proximity to the structure. The cost of drilling is in the range of 1900-3000 r / m. The amount of payment will also depend on the remoteness of the site, the types of elements used, the presence of sand floaters in the ground, and more. In order to save money, you can carry out the work yourself.
Do-it-yourself drilling
To do this, you need a column, a lift and a tripod. The latter is set above the place of the future source. A pinhole drill is used to deepen the first 1-1.5 meters. With its help, the top layer is removed. Next, a casing with teeth is inserted into the formed hole. With its help, they are drilled until a good aquifer appears. Moreover, everything that comes before him can be skipped. After finding a suitable layer, a galvanized water pipe is inserted inside the casing, at the end of which a filter is installed. A coupling is used to connect the segments of the elements, and the joints are lubricated carefully with sealant. After that, the casing is removed.
Equipment installation
There are two installation methods. In the first case, a warm utility room is equipped above the well; in the second, a caisson is installed. Consider the last option. A pipe is dug to a depth of 2.5 meters and a diameter two times larger than that of the caisson. At the bottom, pour a concrete pillow, the thickness of which is 20 cm. It will carry the load from the caisson. . , 500 . 1,8-2 . , . . . . . – 30-40 . , 50 , - . . .
After the water will be brought into the house, you can carry out wiring on the premises. In this case, equipment for heating is installed. Devices are available today various. For example, you can install a dual-circuit gas boiler. One branch will be used to heat water in the heating system. Another will be for domestic use. An outlet with cold water from the pump is supplied to the boiler, and from it comes out with hot. It is connected to the collector. He, in turn, distributes water throughout the house. You can install a single-circuit boiler. It is designed to heat water exclusively for domestic needs. They produce both electric and gas models. You can also install a storage water heater. Such a device is powered by electricity. In large houses, in some cases several flow heaters are installed. After the water supply of the house is installed, it is necessary to take care of the sewage and drain. These elements are required in the system.