The planing machine is designed for processing workpieces obtained after cutting wood. The equipment can be of different types. So, there are planer, four-sided and planer machines. The former are intended for processing products “in the corner”. Thicknesser planer is used to form parallel faces. There are units for processing metal products. In particular, a cross-planing machine is available. This type of equipment occupies a leading position in terms of its specific gravity and value among metal-cutting units.
Equipment designed for processing products at an angle (direct or other specified) includes an electric motor, a guide ruler, a back plate of a desktop, a handle for a level indicator of a front plate, a front plate of a working surface, a fan guard, a bed, a knife shaft, and a starting device. A planing machine of this type consists of a bed, a pair of cast-iron plates. They form the desktop. The equipment also includes a drive, planing knives and a knife shaft.
The first plate (in the course of the material) is designed to direct the product to processing, the back - in the process. The front one is set lower by one and a half to two millimeters (that is, by the thickness of the removed chip layer).
Each plate can be set to the required height. Height adjustment of the first is carried out using the handle, on which there are corresponding marks. The back plate is installed using a screw with nuts.
Knife shaft (head) is located between the plates. Knives are mounted on the shaft, the cutting edges of which are flush with the surface of the rear plane. On the edges of the plates, which are facing the head, flush-mounted sponges of steel are attached flush. They are designed to protect surfaces from abrasion and spalling. In addition, these devices are used to reduce the gap between the plates and knives, as well as the backing of the fibers when removing chips. The shaft is driven by an electric motor through a V-belt drive. A fan fence covers the cutter head from above.
The planing machine is equipped with a guide ruler. This part is removable. The ruler can be set across the table, placed at the required angle or tilted up.
The planing machine is equipped with a braking device designed to quickly stop the cutter head after turning off the engine.
The supply of material is usually carried out manually. Narrow products process several pieces at a time. In the process of working on equipment with conveyor feed, the product is sent end to end.
Currently, special devices are used - automatic feeders. They provide greater safety and ease of operation. In addition, their use increases productivity by one and a half to two times. The ADF is mounted on a stand, which, in turn, is mounted on the machine.
Modern automatic feeders can be used on circular saws, planers, bandsaws, milling and grinding units. They provide a mechanized supply of material on equipment, which, as a rule, is produced with a manual mechanism for sending products for processing.
It is worth noting that a do-it-yourself planer (yes, there are craftsmen who can create such complicated equipment) looks much simpler than a factory-made one.