The article will consider the question: how many chapters in the Constitution of the Russian Federation - the main law of the country? This regulatory document establishes the foundations of the policy, economy and social aspects of the state. The Russian Constitution, currently in force, was adopted by popular vote of citizens - a referendum.
The concept of the word "constitution"
In the general concept, the term "constitution" can be designated as an agreement between the population (citizens) and the state. This is the main law of the country, which reflects the principles of the formation of the state system and the rights and obligations of the parties.
This normative document, among other laws - for example, federal or subjects' laws - has the property of higher legal force. This means that the Constitution has a direct meaning and spreads throughout the state.
History
In Russia, a constitutional or political system was founded at the beginning of the 20th century, when the country was still the Russian Empire. So, in 1906, a set of legislative acts was adopted - Basic State Laws.
Further, in 1918, the I Constitution of Russia as a Soviet state was founded. Later, several editions of the main law of Russia as a union republic were also adopted. Until the 93rd year in Russia, the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978 was in force, with many adopted amendments and revisions.
The latest Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on December 12, the 93rd year at a popular meeting. More than 58 million voters participated in the vote, which was about 55% of the total number of citizens according to the census at that time.
Key Points
What are the basic foundations of the state enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation?
The provisions of this law determine the territorial division of the state, which are described in article 5. Russia consists of entities with various forms of state organization - a republic, region, city of federal significance and others. According to the Constitution, they are all equal.
By the way, a list of all subjects is also indicated in the main law. Now in Russia there are 85 territorial units. The most numerous are oblasts - in total, 46 units are part of the state.
The foundations of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are enshrined primarily in chapter I. The most important of these principles can be considered:
- Sovereignty of the people (Article 3) - this principle is reflected in the preamble of the law, in which democracy is displayed as the legitimate holder of the supreme power of the state.
- The provisions of human rights and freedoms (Article 2). According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, compliance with this principle is the state’s highest priority.
- Separation of power (Article 10). The powers of administrative management in Russia are differentiated between legislative bodies (adoption of laws, their development), executive (management of state affairs) and judicial. All these branches of government are independent.
Content
The Russian Constitution is the fundamental law of the state, which enshrines the rights of citizens as carriers of sovereignty. There are nine chapters in this law.
The latest version of the Constitution of the Russian Federation includes:
- Preamble - in this introductory part of the Basic Law it is regulated that the multinational people of Russia as a democratic and federal state accept all the provisions of a normative act.
- Part I. Actually, this is the main section of the Constitution, which includes 137 articles.
- Part II - final and transitional theses.
So how many chapters are in the Constitution of the Russian Federation? There are nine of them in the law.
Chapter 1 contains 16 articles regulating the main provisions of the constitutional structure of the Russian Federation.
The second, most voluminous chapter of the Constitution, consisting of 48 articles, enshrines the provisions of people and citizens, their rights and freedoms. These principles are developed according to the standards of international law.
The third chapter is the structure of the Russian Federation. Here are listed all the subjects of the country - autonomous regions, republics, territories, cities of federal significance and others, as well as the delineation of their activities and organization methods.
Chapter 4 includes 14 articles defining the legal status, duties and powers of the President of Russia as the head of state and guarantor of the Constitution.
How many chapters in the Constitution of the Russian Federation establish the foundations of state power? There are three of them. Chapter 5, 6 and 7 consolidate the basic powers of administrative bodies, such as:
- Federal Assembly - the body that approves legislative acts (Chapter 5). Here, for example, the number of deputies to the State Duma (450) and by how much is determined.
- The head of the Constitution of the Russian Federation No. 6 "Government of the Russian Federation" regulates the activities of executive bodies of state power.
- The judiciary (chapter 7) - bodies that administer justice in the state.
Chapter 8 defines the powers of local self-government - an independent element of power on issues regarding municipalities.
The final, ninth chapter lists the main amendments and revisions of the Constitution.