Do you know a writer like Likhachev? “Native Land” (a brief summary later in the article) is his outstanding creation, which should be read by every teenager and all those who are on the verge of adulthood. A wonderful book that should be on the shelf of anyone who wants to educate a real person in themselves. The work is quite voluminous therefore we will consider a brief summary of the story "Native Land". Likhachev, by the way, was not only a writer, but also an art critic and culturologist, doctor of philological sciences and professor. Frankly, he did not call himself a real writer, but his huge wealth of knowledge and writing gift allowed him to create beautiful works. Let's get to know the author better.
Author
In 1914, the boy studied at the gymnasium of the Human-Loving Society, and later at the St. Petersburg school of K.I. May. From 1920 to 1923 he was at the Soviet Unified Labor School. After that, until 1928, Likhachev was a student of the Romano-Germanic and Slavic-Russian branches of linguistics and literature at Leningrad State University. In 1928, Dmitry was arrested for being a member of the Space Academy of Sciences. The reason for the arrest was specifically because Likhachev made a report on Old Russian spelling, which was tarnished by the enemy. He was sentenced to 5 years, which he served in the Solovetsky camp. In 1932 he was released ahead of schedule. He returned to his hometown. Soon, he had two daughters. After his stay in the camp, he wrote his very first work for science about card games in the criminal world. It is an interesting fact that immediately after his release, he began working in the forensic office, which brought him a lot of pleasure, as he made it possible to learn something completely new.
It is impossible to overestimate the contribution of Likhachev to the development and study of the literature of Ancient Russia. It was he who wrote the best works on this topic, which are still textbooks for students. He also took an active part in the reconstruction of the Monrepos pair near St. Petersburg. Thanks to his assistance, a book series entitled Literary Monuments was also released. He has changed a huge number of posts, his experience is simply unlimited. His rewards are innumerable, since in every sphere with which he came into contact, Likhachev left a significant and significant trace.
Profession and Patriotism
We begin to consider the first chapter of the book, written by Dmitry Likhachev. “Native Land,” which we will briefly review, is a voluminous work consisting of 10 chapters. We will try to talk briefly about each of them.
In the first chapter, the author talks about the fact that each person in life should have one global goal. In addition to short-term and small deeds, a person should strive for something really great. It is very important to be passionate about your profession. Most of all, this concerns teachers and doctors - they should serve the maximum benefit to society. Likhachev says that such a goal is the love and protection of the homeland, its people. This is a feeling that awakens the latent early forces in a person, protects him from troubles and dissatisfaction. At the same time, Dmitry Sergeyevich emphasizes that a person should try to find out about the past of all peoples and nationalities. Love for their people should be inherent in everyone.
Does Likhachev give a personal opinion on any occasion? "Native land", the brief content of which we began to consider, already in the first chapter appears before us with the following lines: "I love Ancient Russia ...". The author is not afraid to speak openly about what she feels and thinks, and this deserves respect. Such courage in those days was inherent only to those who were ready to lay down their heads for their homeland. Very briefly in this chapter, the author praises (note, deservedly) Russian literature and art of the 19th century. The main idea that Likhachev tries to convey in this chapter is that studying the past can enrich the modern society very much, give it something new, bright and interesting. One can understand the present day only if one sees it against the background of the entire historical past.
About intelligence
What will please D.S. Likhachev in the second chapter? “The native land”, the brief content of which we are considering, is a kind of life guide for all young people and the younger generation. In this chapter, Dmitry Sergeyevich focuses the reader on the fact that educated people should be intelligent in any situation. This quality is necessary not only for the individual himself, but also for his environment. He cites the proverb that a man will live a long time honoring his parents. The concept of intelligence includes a wide range of concepts, such as respectful debate, imperceptible help to others, modest behavior, care for nature.
As a personal experience, Likhachev gives an example of peasants from the North, who, in his opinion, were truly intelligent people. In their houses it was very clean, they were friendly to others, they knew how to listen and tell interesting stories, their life was streamlined. In addition, he notes that they could empathize with happiness and misfortune. What did Academician Likhachev (“Native Land”) mean in his work. The summary of the book will help us answer this question. Specifically, this chapter deals not only with manners (which is often confused with the term “intelligence”), but also with other important qualities that a person himself has the power to educate in himself.
Don't be funny
What will Likhachev tell us in this chapter? “Native Land”, a brief summary of the chapters that we are considering will tell us in this part about how people behave in unusual situations. It was previously believed that if a person happened to grief, then he should not show it openly, shift his negative mood to others. It is necessary to behave exactly, not to plunge into the problem, to maintain dignity, and even try to be fun. But in the XIX century, this rule gradually came to naught in the circles of the aristocracy. Young people behaved ironically, it was considered beautiful, witty, modern. At the same time, a person who is always cheerful is painful for others. Constant laughter and fun tires anyone. A person who goes too far in this matter simply becomes a jester for others, he loses his dignity, he is not taken seriously.
It is important for a person to learn to joke, but not to look too funny. After all, such a skill not only raises your weight in society, but also is a sign of the mind. At the same time, one should not be funny in everything. This is not solely about humor. It is necessary to apply this rule to different areas of life: for example, to choose the right clothes for different occasions, so as not to look ridiculous. But at the same time, you should not push yourself into the framework. Do not worry about your shortcomings - you need to learn how to use them correctly. Sometimes stutters become the best speakers. "... try to be humble, quiet." - this is what D. S. Likhachev teaches (“Native Land”). The summary of the book does not allow to fully reflect the richness of language and wisdom that the reader will find when studying the book.
Big in small
In this chapter of the book, D. S. Likhachev addresses the issue of purpose in human life. Let's say there is a goal. In our case, this may be the love and protection of the motherland, as mentioned earlier. But how to go to your goal? What are the ways to achieve it? What can and cannot be done? The chapter "Big in Small" tells in detail about the personal view of Dmitry Sergeyevich on this issue. A wise goal should cover the whole life of a person, all his spheres. Moreover, some connection is needed between the goal and the means that are used. What does Likhachev think about this? “Native land” (a very brief content in the article) reflects the view of Dmitry Sergeyevich as accurately as possible. He says that the end never justifies the means - this is just an excuse for cruel and immoral acts. And as an illustrative proof, he gives an example from the classics. To be more specific, an example is the work of Fyodor Mikhailovich “Crime and Punishment,” where it is brilliantly shown that achieving the desired through infringing others never brings good results.
What can be useful book "native land" (Likhachev)? The summary makes it clear that there are a lot of useful grains in it - just sit and disassemble. The main desire. There are many good teachers in Russia - these are our wonderful authors who have created untold wealth and a treasure of wisdom for future generations. This chapter is a must-read for anyone who wants to achieve something in life!
Youth is all life
The title of this chapter of the book became an aphorism. And although the author is not always known, the meaning of the phrase is conveyed - and this is the main thing for the author. What else did D.S. Likhachev? “Native Land” (a summary of the book in chapters) will help us figure this out. Here, the author pays attention to the fact that youth is the most wonderful time in human life. Do not think that Dmitry Sergeevich conducts lengthy conversations about how healthy it is to live in a young body: not at all. He focuses on some aspects that are more accessible to man at a young age. For example, the author shares such observations that it is much easier to make real friends in his youth. At this time, the multifaceted nature of the person and the circle of his communication are just being formed, which, most often, remains for life.
Dmitry Sergeyevich also says that it is easier for a person with friends to go through life. They will help to survive difficult moments, share grief and joy. In fact, a joy that cannot be shared with anyone is not a joy at all. But still it’s worth being careful, and not accepting the first person you meet as a friend. Such people must be chosen patiently and carefully. It is clear that if a good relationship ensued, then, in theory, everything should go like clockwork. In fact, everything is much more complicated. It is very important to look closely at a person, notice his features, small details in behavior. It is also important to know how your friend reacts to the successes of others. Grief with a friend is not as difficult as experiencing joy. When disaster strikes, pity and empathy knock on our hearts themselves. When a person is doing fine, there are a lot of joys, positive things, and everything in his life goes awry, then it is much more difficult to remain faithful and sincere friends.
Learn to speak and write
What will Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachev tell us in this chapter? “Native Land”, the brief content of which we are considering, will reveal to us the important secrets of rhetoric. In this chapter we will learn about how important it is to speak correctly, to monitor your speech, to write correctly and correctly. However, Likhachev considers this issue closer to the end of the chapter, and at first it is about the importance of language as a phenomenon in society. The Russian language has developed over a thousand years, it is one of the most advanced languages in the world. In the 19th century, a galaxy of talented writers created an incredible number of beautiful and delightful poems, precisely thanks to the language! The author quotes a real quote from Turgenev: “One cannot believe that such a language was not presented to a great nation!” This is true, because only the Russian language can boast of such diversity and brightness.
So what is Likhachev driving to? Conversation is conducted to the fact that, being able to express his thoughts beautifully and correctly, a person receives a powerful weapon in his hand. A properly constructed speech can save a person from many problems, as well as give him many new privileges.
Likhachev focuses on the fact that language is not only an indicator of the people, but also the personal qualities of each individual person. But if speech can provide so many advantages, then why do you need to write well? In fact, the ability to beautifully express your thoughts on paper is necessary not only for the poet or writer. This skill is necessary for every person who wants to write letters, keep diaries and decorate paper with a pen. And in case someone says that a special gift is needed for this, the author gives a little hint: in order to learn, you must do it.
Literature
Want to better understand what Likhachev means? The “native land” brief summary (briefs) which can be read on any convenient site will help you with this. This section of the book is devoted to one of the most beautiful phenomena - literature. It gives a person the opportunity to try on someone’s role, to live the life of another person. In this way, you can gain global experience that can help throughout life. Every educated person must have favorites in literature, which he can know almost by heart. Back to the old book, in which every detail and plot twist is known, is how to return to your home, where you are always loved and expected.
Will Likhachev give us examples (“Native Land”). Anyone can read a brief summary of the briefs in order to find all the examples that the author cites from his life. The article provides only individual passages. Dmitry Sergeyevich talks about the fact that Leonid Georg, a literature teacher at the school, taught him disinterested reading. For reference, Dmitry Likhachev studied at a time when teachers could be absent from the lesson for a long time or not attend it at all. What did his teacher do in such cases? He came to class and offered to read something. The children happily agreed, because they knew how their teacher could read: everyone was delighted and listened fascinated. Likhachev shares his recollections that thanks to such peculiar reading lessons, he knew many passages from War and Peace, the stories of Guy de Maupassant, and some of Krylov’s fables. In addition, a love of literature was instilled in him at home: father or mother often read to him at night. At the same time, children were read not trivial tales about Ivan Tsarevich, but historical novels, books by Leskov, Mamin-Sibiryak and other "non-childish" authors.
Throughout the book, the author carries the idea that classical works should be read, since they are time-tested. Such works help to better understand the world and people. But Dmitry Sergeyevich is not a hypocrite, he insists that young people read modern literature. The main thing the author calls for is not to fuss, because at the same time the most expensive thing in a person’s life is his time.
Raise a friend
What does Likhachev mean? “Native land”, the brief content of which we are studying, in this chapter will tell us about relationships. Here we will talk about people who can awaken the best features in others. It will also be said about those who, through their behavior, form a circle of annoyed and dreary people around themselves. Likhachev to say that one should be able to find something good and common in every person: in the old, uninteresting, dreary. It is important to be able to find sociability, lightness and a smile even in a twisted granny.
Specifically, elderly people pay much attention to Likhachev. “Native Land” (a summary of the chapter from the book) tells us that old people are often talkative. Yet this is not ordinary talkativeness - very often they turn out to be great storytellers. Also, such people remember many different events, songs and funny situations: they are simply rarely asked. It is very important not to notice people's flaws, because everyone has them. This is especially true for some physical or age-related defects. And yet, you should make friendly relations with the elderly, because they still have not so long to live - this is what Likhachev teaches. "Native land" full and brief content - these are completely different things. If you are interested in the topic of at least one chapter, it is better to read the whole work and get the huge experience and wisdom of Dmitry Sergeyevich.
Memory
Memory is an important and creative process in the human brain. It is an interesting fact that a person remembers absolutely everything that happens to him throughout his life: even the earliest years. This information is not so easy to extract from the depths of memory, but it is there. This brain function is always active, because it is it that makes a person develop, think, act, change. Why wrote this chapter D. S. Likhachev ("Native Land"). The summary of the book makes it clear that the point is to convey the idea that there would be no memory - there would be nothing!
It is only memory that can withstand time. Even if some memories are erased, they can be recorded. Thanks to her, the past becomes part of the present and future, and vice versa. Want to know in more detail what Likhachev thought about this? "Native land", the summary of which is almost complete, will not allow you to completely plunge into the thoughts of the author. It is very important to read such a work whole and without separation - as Likhachev himself advises (“Native Land”). It’s very convenient to read the brief summary, because all the main points are presented there, but this is not enough to fully cover the information.
The author also emphasizes that without memory there is no conscience. In fact, if this process had not been in our head, society would have remained at the primitive level of development! It is memory that is the driving force that makes us compare, draw conclusions, it becomes better.
Summing up the article, I want to say: “Thank you Dmitry Likhachev!”. “Native Land” (brief summary of briefs) is a big contribution to the development of the whole society, which cannot be appreciated, since it is so comprehensive and rich. Still, the talent of the writer is really inherent in Dmitry Likhachev ... or is he just able to correctly express his thoughts? Well, if in order to write like that you don’t need talent, but you only need to be able to express yourself correctly, then perhaps you should learn this. This book is a real discovery for those who were not familiar with such a figure as Likhachev, as well as for all those who are in search of a real teacher.