People have been engaged in viticulture since time immemorial. Climate changed on earth, and grapes changed with it. The development of genetics has made it possible to discover new and amazing opportunities for the cultivation of various varieties and their hybrids with desired traits. New species appear almost every year. One of them is Academic grapes. Other names of the variety - In memory of Dzheneev or Academician Avidzba.
Grade description
Parents of table grape Akademik - hybrid forms: Richelieu and Gift Zaporozhye. This variety is the result of the selection of the institute "Magarach", located in the Crimea. It was created relatively recently, so it has not yet received wide distribution due to the small amount of planting materials. You can buy seedlings only at the institute or in private nurseries. According to the reviews of those who were lucky enough to grow it, the variety is simply magnificent. In 2014, he was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Varietal features and description of the academician grape variety:
- ripening period - early, you can start collecting the first berries in 115-120 days;
- frost resistance from -23 to -25 ° , due to which, with good shelter, grapes can winter successfully under snow;
- the variety has great growth power;
- leaves are large or medium, strongly dissected, having 5 lobes;
- on the front side the leaf is smooth, from the inside there is a slight pubescence;
- the flowers are bisexual, so the variety does not require pollinators.
Berries
Grape Academic berries description has the following:
- Berries are collected in large cylindrical clusters.
- Weight is 1.5-1.8 kg.
- A cluster of medium density, sometimes loose.
- The berries are large, reaching a length of 33 mm and a width of 20 mm.
- The shape of the berries is elongated-oval, the tip is blunt.
- The color of the fruit is dark blue, a springy (waxy) coating is noticeable, which helps the berry to protect itself from atmospheric phenomena and pathogens. Berries with pronounced spring plaque are better stored and transported.
- The peel on the fruit is dense.
- Berries are of high quality - the taste of crisp pulp is estimated at 9.8 out of 10. There is a nutmeg pleasant aftertaste and a chocolate aftertaste. Sugar content is high.
Currently, this variety is being tested, but today it is already clear that growing it on an industrial scale and in private vineyards is very cost-effective. High quality crops will not leave anyone indifferent. It is worth noting that in the Akademik grape variety, resistance to the main diseases: mildew and oidium is medium. Protective preventative treatment will be required.
Growing Features
According to its biological characteristics, grapes are intended for cultivation in a temperate and subtropical climate. In other regions, its harvest and survival largely depend on the skill and efforts of the winegrower. And it is very important at the same time to correctly observe agricultural technology, taking into account all the requirements of this culture.
How to choose a place?
In the south, Akademik grapes are grown at high temperatures, sometimes reaching more than 40 degrees, while the optimum temperature for this variety is 28-30 degrees. Under such conditions, it is desirable to shade the plant. In the regions located to the north, it is advisable to choose places for this grape, all day illuminated by the sun.
The vine must be protected from the winds. When choosing a place for planting, experienced growers must take this fact into account:
- seedlings are planted on the south side of houses and other structures;
- hedges or tall trees are planted on the north side of the vineyard;
- establish fences or make screens of reeds and other improvised materials.
Grape planting
Depending on which method of planting will be chosen, the comfortable existence of the plant largely depends. It can be planted in spring and autumn. To do this, it is advisable to choose seedlings in the container. If the landing is done correctly, the survival rate will be 100%.
Landing sequence:
- They dig a hole in which the diameter corresponds to the size of the root system of the grapes.
- Lay the fertile topsoil aside.
- They mix it with humus and mineral fertilizers.
- at the bottom of the pit, drainage is made of small twigs and gravel.
- They reinforce a pipe made of plastic or asbestos cement, which is designed to make liquid fertilizers.
- A seedling is placed in the pit, covered with an earthy fertile mixture and watered.
- Cut the shoots off the grapes, leaving only 2 buds. In order not to dry the slice, it is processed with melted paraffin.
- The hole is mulched with compost or humus.
If several bushes are planted at once, a distance of at least 1.5 m is left between them so that each vine has enough space. When laying a full-fledged vineyard, the rows should go from south to north, so that they are better illuminated by the sun.
Care
Planted Akademik grape bushes (description of the variety, photo provided in the article) require the tireless care of the winegrower, but adult plants cannot be ignored either.
Watering
Since this is a table variety, it must be watered regularly. The first time this is done after opening the bushes and tying the vines on the trellis. For an adult plant, you need 4 buckets of warm water, in which a half-liter can of wood ash is added. It is good if a pipe is installed near the bush, designed for watering and fertilizing. In this case, all the water goes directly to the roots.
The next watering the vine will need 7-8 days before flowering. When the grapes bloom, it is impossible to water it, because of this, the flowers may crumble, and the fruits will not grow to the desired size and peeling will be observed.
At the end of flowering, another watering is carried out.
When the berries begin to stain, it is impossible to water the bushes, otherwise they simply will not pick up a sufficient amount of sugar.
The last watering is carried out a week before the plant shelters for the winter.
Top dressing
Akademik grapes respond very well to any top dressing (root and extra root). Consider how the plant is fed:
- The first feeding is carried out immediately after the winter shelter is removed. For one bush you will need the following composition: 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of superphosphate and 5 g of potassium salt. Dissolve all components in 10 l of water.
- Feeding is repeated 2 weeks before flowering.
- Before ripening, it is fertilized with potassium salt and superphosphate.
- After harvesting, potash fertilizers are applied, which contribute to increasing the winter hardiness of the bushes.
Every three years in the fall, the vineyard is fertilized with manure, adding ash, ammonium sulfate and superphosphate to it. Fertilizers are applied dry. The first foliar top dressing with complex mineral fertilizers with microelements is carried out before flowering. The second - when the plant fades, the third during the fruit ripening period. The last two top dressings should not contain nitrogen.
Preparing for the winter
The academician grapes, the photo of which is provided in the article, has medium frost resistance. For this reason, in most regions, this variety needs winter shelter. The vines must be removed from the trellis, tied neatly in bunches, and then covered with peat or earth. You can also make a dry-air shelter: wrap bundles of vines in several layers of spandbond, then set low arcs, then cover them with foil. From below it is necessary to leave small slots for ventilation.