In the construction of farms, they cover different fields of application, acting as power mechanical and frame structural elements. In essence, they are rod systems that, depending on operating conditions, can provide varying degrees of tension and compression. But this is a simplified device of this element, since there are also complex systems representing complex farms. Types of farms of this type are formed by rectilinear rods that are connected into nodes. In addition to construction, it is worth noting livestock farms, which also use farms, but of a different kind.
General classification of construction farms
Designs of this type are quite widely represented in different designs. One of the main ways to separate them is a sign of purpose. So, bridge, tower and lifting crane systems are distinguished. In places where it is required to provide a rafter structure, coating structures acting as supporting components are also involved. A common sign for classification is the method of support, on which the technical structure of the object depends. In particular, two-support, multi-support, screw and arch construction farms are distinguished. Types of combined supports can be called universal. Provided that the loads and fixing mechanisms are correctly calculated, such systems are suitable for different bearing systems, including articulated and rigid mechanisms. To avoid deforming processes and destruction during operation, it is important to consider the ability of the structure to cope with loads. On the basis of capacity, light and heavy farms are distinguished. In the first case, the profile components can withstand up to 300 tons per 50-meter span, and in the second - more than 300 tons.
Structural Features of Farms
In most cases, the main function of construction farms is power support. The basis of the design as such has an insignificant bearing capacity, therefore the main attention in this regard is given to reinforcing belts, which determine the overall system of the complex. There are two-belt and three-belt structures. Obviously, from the point of view of bearing capacity, it is more profitable to use additionally fortified farms. Types of trusses with three belts have higher strength, bending and torsion resistance. These qualities relieve engineers of the need to form additional bundles, since the main reinforcement system provides sufficient resistance to the compressed contour. At the same time, the reinforcing belts can have different structural designs, vary in size and slope parameters. In industrial and public buildings, for example, fish and open-loop systems of circuits, in which a system of parallel belts are implemented, have found application.
Types of Wooden Farms
A fairly significant sign of farm separation is the material. Despite the growing popularity of polymer and composite structures, metal and wood devices are still the main types. The latter are most often used in single-pitched and gable roofs. With their help, rafter systems are formed in different versions. For example, layered mounting legs involve the creation of supports on poles or walls of a house in single-pitched constructions. On the other hand, for gable systems, different types of roof trusses are used, including arched and hanging devices. In the first case, the base is made of plank arches, which provides support for the roofing due to the runs. Hanging legs during installation are fastened with puffs that prevent individual elements from diverging and deforming the frame of the house.
Metal trusses
The main sign of the classification of such farms is the type of section of profile elements. There are closed and open components. Closed systems are formed using rectangular or round elements. As for open systems, they use paired and single angles, channels, T-pieces and other metal products in the form of a shallow profile. Further, it is worth noting the variety of reinforcing components that serve to support the belts. Even high-strength types of steel trusses, depending on operating conditions, may require additional support support. Common reinforced concrete slabs, for example, require appropriate power support, which can be provided only with metal trusses with overlays up to 14 mm thick. The larger the span in the farm, the higher the requirements for reinforcing hardware.
Principles of operation of construction farms
To understand the workflow on which farm systems are based, refer to their traditional design. The truss structure includes triangles that can be mounted on hinges. For example, complex supports such as the boom of a tower crane contain triangles of different sizes - small and large. Since any rod displays its operational properties more efficiently in compression-extension processes, rather than bending, the main force is applied at the places where the truss joints are located. Types of hinged trusses are still rare - in most cases, fastening is carried out rigidly and with the expectation of a constant position. In other words, even if two rods in a metal structure are cut, they will not rotate.
Livestock farms
In the livestock industry, the farm is an agricultural facility, which is usually used for raising livestock. Such objects may be included in agricultural complexes of state farms, collective farms and other enterprises engaged in economic activities. Modern farms are distinguished by the availability of mechanization that can minimize manual labor in the process of keeping animals. In such complexes, units can be provided that provide automatic feed supply, milking, cleaning, etc. The type of fish farm is also gaining popularity, which requires other approaches to the technical organization of the economy. For example, the owner must provide the ability to regularly clean water, air, provide the same feeding system. The created conditions will form a full-fledged farm complex.
Classification of animal farms by design
If construction farms are guided by the functions of performing power support of structures, then in this case financial profit is expected to be generated. This factor cannot but affect the approaches to the technical organization of such facilities. Large enterprises choose integrated farm construction from scratch. This option allows you to implement farms designed for large volumes of production. But in the small business environment, livestock farms are becoming more common, which are compact prefabricated mini-complexes. As a rule, they provide a full set of necessary equipment as part of the technical support, but only with the expectation of a smaller number of goals.
Conclusion
With all the differences in construction and livestock farms, we can distinguish points of convergence. So, when organizing farms for raising sheep, pigs or cows, the need inevitably arises for the construction of large hangar-type premises. Just in them metal and wooden farms can be used . Types of livestock farms in almost any design require maintenance of large areas, which it is advisable to arrange with the help of panel and rafter systems. The best option is a frame structure, including elements of building trusses. Such profiles can be used both partially and as a full-fledged component for technical support of a particular object.