Kalinin Anatoly - Soviet writer, poet and publicist. He was awarded the Gorky Prize, and was awarded a number of medals and orders, including: the Order of Lenin, World War I degree, October Revolution, Red Star, Friendship of Peoples and the Red Banner of Labor. For 20 years, he served as deputy of the Supreme Council of Russia. We will talk about the life and work of this amazing person in the article.
Biography
Anatoly Kalinin (whose biography we are currently considering) was born in 1916, on August 22. The birthplace of the future writer was the village of Kamenskaya (Rostov Region), which has now turned into the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky. Here, on the Don, the childhood and youth of the future writer passed. Anatoly Veniaminovich’s father was from Novocherkassk Cossacks and worked as a teacher in a rural school, and his mother was a Kamenka Cossack.
Grandfather Kalinina sang in the Cossack choir at the church, he had a very good voice. Remembering his childhood, the writer cannot imagine him without the singing of his grandfather.
Kalinin was worried that the word "Cossack" was not pronounced in his childhood. The writer was very worried about the revival of traditions and the way of the Cossacks. And when during the Great Patriotic War, Stalin issued a decree on the creation of the Don Cossacks corps, Kalinin realized that the Cossacks were beginning to revive. On this wave, he published an article in 1943 entitled “Don Cossacks”.
First publications
Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich called the Cossacks "the ridge of Russia", while he did not divide the Cossacks themselves into "unregistered" and "registry". But it will be much later, but for now Kalinin was accepted into pioneers. At such a young age, he had already begun writing essays on rural life and collective farms on the Don for publication in the newspapers Pionerskaya Pravda and Leninsky Grandchildren.
As a teenager, in 1930 Kalinin, along with a working convoy, traveled to the villages and farms of the Don, conducting collectivization. And in 1931, the future writer became a Komsomol member. After that, he began working for regional and district newspapers in the Kuban, Don, and Kabardino-Balkaria.
Kalinin Anatoly in 1935 became a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda, which covers the problems of Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ukraine, and the Don. And in 1941, the writer went to the front as a correspondent of this particular newspaper - he spent almost the entire Great Patriotic War on the southern fronts.
The first novel and World War II
The first major work of the author was published in 1940. It turned out to be a novel called "Mounds". In this work, Anatoly Kalinin depicted a collective farm novoy in the land of the Cossacks. He wrote about those things that he knew very well from childhood: Cossack life, peasant labor, and folk language.
During the war years, the main heroes of Kalinin's works were the Cossack collective farmers, who dressed in soldiers' greatcoats, as soon as their homeland called. At this time, Kalinin sends essays to various newspapers about the events taking place in Rostov, Mozdok, Stalingrad. And in 1943, the author published a book of essays entitled "Cossacks go west." In 1944, the military novel "In the South" was published on the pages of the New World magazine, and in the year 1945, the work Comrades was published. Later, on the basis of these two stories, Kalinin creates a great novel about the heroism of Russian soldiers - “The Red Banner”. The work was published in 1951 in Rostov.
Post-war period
When the Great Patriotic War ended, Kalinin moved to the Don farm Pukhlyakovsky. Here the author creates a series of essays on the inhabitants of the Don villages: “Moonlit nights”, “Behind the rear of a lagging collective farm”, “Undying dying roots”, etc. The heroes of these works will later be found in many other novels and stories of Kalinin.
In Pravda, in 1953, the writer published the work At the Middle Level. In this essay, Kalinin boldly discusses topical issues relating to the development of the village and the style of party power. The author himself praised this work and the essay “Moonlit Nights” that followed. The writer believed that it was they who helped him to verify the correctness of the themes chosen for his creations. Readers also actively responded to these essays - Kalinin received many letters of support to him.
In 1962, Kalinin wrote the novel The Forbidden Zone, which describes the construction of the Volga-Don Canal. The following problems are raised in the work: the education of a new person in the spirit of communist ideals; condemnation of phenomena and deeds that should not be in a socialist society; assessment of what is happening from the point of view of a communist conscience.
"Roma"
But not thanks to these novels, Anatoly Kalinin gained wide fame. "Gypsy" - this is the work that glorified the author. This novel is composed of many autobiographical details. The image of the main character, the gypsy Budulaya, appeared at the writer during the war, when in the hospital he saw how one of the Cossack commanders presented the Order of the Red Star to the gypsy scout. Then Kalinin had not yet thought about writing a novel, but he remembered the episode for his whole life. Then, when his detachment retreated under Malaya Belozerka, the writer saw a broken gypsy wagon. He soon learned that some woman had taken the surviving baby to her. And after the war, Anatoly Kalinin lived next door to a gypsy smith who had a younger brother named Budulay.
Throughout his work, the writer continues to address the military theme, revealing the connection between the events of the past and the present. Such works, besides Gypsy, include the novels Dry Field, No Return, Echo of War. The basic ideological concept of these works is contained in the system of images of heroes - the writer contrasts people born of the Soviet system and those whose souls were crippled by the desire for enrichment and power.
last years of life
In 1967, Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich wrote the novel “Thunder, bells!”. The work was devoted to the aesthetic and moral problems of the family and parenting.
In literature, Kalinin has always been perceived as a continuation of the Sholokhov tradition. The author himself agreed with this, and even in 1964 he published a book of essays on Sholokhov entitled “Veshenskoe Summer”. Then, already in 1975, a new novel by the writer was published - The Time of The Quiet Don. And from 1982 to 1983, the collected works of Kalinin were published.
The writer died in 2008, on June 12, at the Pukhlyakovsky farm. He was buried in the courtyard of his own house.
Poems by Kalinin Anatoly Veniaminovich
Kalinin's poetry is not as famous as his prose. Nevertheless, the author wrote several poems and poems. In addition, in his plans he had written a novel about the Don Cossacks in verse. Unfortunately, this idea was never implemented.
Anatoly Veniaminovich Kalinin’s poems, as well as his prose, were devoted to moral topics, communist ideals, as well as World War II. In his poetic lines, the writer urges readers to follow the call of the heart, live in conscience and act in honor. The main thing for a man, according to Kalinin, is his ability to selflessly serve the homeland. The theme of selfless service, perhaps, runs a red thread through all the works of the writer.
“Budulai, which is not expected”
This film, which is an adaptation of the novel "Gypsy", was released in 1994. The director of the picture was Alexander Fenko. The shooting took place in the village of Razdorskaya and on the farm Kanygin (Rostov Region). It was here that Kalinin himself was born and lived most of his life. Dances and songs in the film were performed by artists from the Gypsy Theater "Romen".
However, the mini-series "Gypsy Island", which was released in 1993, was originally shot. And only a year later, on its basis, did the painting “Budulai, which is not expected”, was mounted.
The main role in the film was played by Otar Megvinuetuhutsesi. The picture tells about the fate of the gypsy Budulay, who returns to the Don village after 10 years in prison.
Thus, Kalinin lived a very interesting and eventful life. As for the writer's work, it is still popular today.