Many varieties of frozen H 2 O have their specific names. And if we turn to explanatory dictionaries with the question: "Toros - what is it?" - then Ozhegov, for example, can be read - these are blocks of ice that occur when ice is compressed on lakes or seas, sometimes on rivers. And in Ushakov, these are frozen forms that formed in the polar seas from compression.
Toros: what is it?
Undoubtedly, this is one of the forms of ice relief, arising for certain reasons. When does hummock form? What such a phenomenon can cause? The ice cover is often subject to constant compression, since due to physical reasons, liquid water, freezing, increases in volume. Now imagine this huge mass squeezed into a certain space of the coasts. Naturally, the covers will begin to shrink, pile up on top of each other in the form of fragments. And these piles sometimes reach a height of 10, or even 20 meters!
Two varieties
Scientists distinguish 2 ways of hummock formation.
- Breaking. This is a kind of hummocking where large cracks can form in the ice. As a result, a hummock. What is the clutter of powerful fragments takes various, up to the vertical, position - it is understandable by physical causes and gravity.
- Fragmentation. It exists as a result of the destruction of the ice cover into its constituent parts, accompanied by the formation of hummocks from crushed pieces of ice.
Pack ice
Ice covers cluttered with hummocks are considered hummocky (evaluated by a 5-point gradation). Also, during the movement of pack ice, hummocks form in the seas and oceans. This is a cover of frozen water that has existed for over 2 years, with a thickness of more than 3 meters (mostly in the Arctic). A more correct name for such formations is hummocky perennial ice.