The surname Pushkin has already become a household name. Sometimes you can hear such expressions: “And who will do it for you? Pushkin?”, “Did you leave this to Pushkin?” People pronounce these words mechanically, without thinking about what kind of person this person was. And what a legacy for classical Russian literature remains after him.
Childhood and youth
The future poet was born on the feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, June 6, 1799. He came from a wealthy and intelligent family. The child's father was Sergei L. Pushkin, a retired major. Mother, nee Hannibal Nadezhda Osipovna, was a second cousin to her husband.
The couple already had two children - son Leo and daughter Olga. What was the name of Pushkin Jr.? A baby was called Alexander.
The family was very educated, the level of their education can be judged even by the fact that little Sasha received his initial education from the Frenchman. Grandmother, Maria Alekseevna Hannibal, and later, the nanny Arina Rodionovna, also took an active part in the upbringing of the child.
Every summer, until 1810, the future poet spent with his grandmother in the village of Zakharovo.
In 1811, the child was assigned to study at the newly opened Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Education received there was equated with higher education.
At the beginning of 1815, Alexander Pushkin would read his poem in the presence of G.R. Derzhavin. This will be a real triumph of the young poet. And later he will find an echo in one of his poems.
In his student years, Sasha was admitted to the literary society "Arzamas". Starts writing in the elegy genre.
In 1817, graduated from the Lyceum. Immediately after graduation, he goes to his mother.
Life until 1830
In the period from 1819 to 1820, a graduate of the Lyceum worked on the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", while recovering from a serious illness. In 1820, in May, the work was completed and published. Criticism immediately fell upon him because the poem was not sustained in the canons of that time.
What was Pushkin’s name? Recall that at birth he received the name Alexander.
In the same year, the young poet was almost exiled to Siberia for allegedly outrageous political poems. Things didn’t get to Siberia, but it is known about Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin that he was forced to leave for Yekaterinoslav by transfer. From there, the poet goes to the Caucasus and the Crimea to be treated.
The end of 1820 was marked by the entry of Sasha Pushkin into service and active travels.
In 1821, the satirical poem Gabrieliada saw the light of day. And 1822 became the date of birth of one of the most famous poems - "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
The year 1823 turned out to be very saturated for the young genius. He achieved a transfer to the service in Odessa, but relations with the head - the governor of the Novorossiysk Territory M. S. Vorontsov - did not work out. The poet resigns.
A little earlier than these events, Alexander begins work on the novel "Eugene Onegin."
1824 - Mikhailovsky Link. Morally difficult time for Pushkin. He is in the parental estate under the supervision of spiritual and civil authorities. This depresses the poet, he is thinking about running away. During this difficult time, he wrote about a hundred works, including "Gypsies" and "Eugene Onegin."
In the same year, the poem "Bakhchisarai Fountain" is published.
In 1825, the poem Boris Godunov, begun in exile, was completed.
When the Turkish war began, the young talent wanted to go to the front, but he was forbidden to travel abroad.
In 1829, the poet was married to Natalia Goncharova. He is denied and goes on a trip to the Caucasus, despite all the bans.
Tipping Point - Marriage
In 1830, he again made an attempt at matchmaking. This time, the beauty Natalya answered positively. On May 6, the engagement took place.
In the autumn of the same year, the newly minted spouse leaves for Boldino. He received this village as a wedding present. He works a lot there. It was then that the last chapters of the novel "Eugene Onegin" were written.
In the summer of 1831, work on Eugene Onegin was completed.
In 1832 he became a father. The spouses have a daughter, Maria.
In 1835, the son of George is born, and in 1836, the second daughter, named Natalia.
In the same year, 1836, the poet’s mother, Nadezhda Osipovna, dies. He buries her in the Assumption Monastery of the village of Mikhailovsky.
At the end of November 1836, Pushkin received three letters. They reported that his beloved wife has a relationship with the French baron Dantes. The poet challenged the Frenchman to a duel, but soon learned that Dantes had been married to Natalia Goncharova’s sister, Catherine. Pushkin's friends convince him to withdraw the call.
In early January 1837, the wedding of Ekaterina Nikolaevna Goncharova with the Frenchman Dantes took place. But on this his courtship of Natalya Nikolaevna did not stop. The poet is gradually losing patience. He sends a letter of insult to the Frenchman. He challenges Alexander to a duel. Pushkin accepts the challenge.
What was Pushkin’s full name? Alexander Sergeevich. Under this name, he entered the history of Russian literature. He received the same name at birth.
Death
What can be said about the death of Pushkin? The data indicate that the duel between him and Dantes took place on January 27, 1837 on the Black River. The 38-year-old poet was seriously injured.
Death occurred on January 29, in the apartment of Pushkin. He was buried next to his mother in the Assumption Cathedral.
Interesting facts from the life of the poet
Name of Pushkin is heard by every student. Everyone is familiar with the biography of the Russian poet from the time of studying literature in school years. However, not all textbooks have the following interesting facts about him:
- His great-grandfather was an African. The little Ethiopian was presented to Peter I, and he brought him up as his own son. When Abram Petrovich Hannibal, baptized and named by that name, grew up, he married a Russian noblewoman.
- 10-year-old Pushkin once met with Emperor Alexander I. He went on a horse ride. Little Sasha almost fell under the hooves of an imperial horse.
- Pushkin got to Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum thanks to the connections of his uncle. The performance of the genius of Russian literature was not the best.
- The poet was not high - only 167 cm.
- Despite his appearance, Alexander Sergeyevich had a connection with 130 women throughout his life.
- Pushkin was a bully. About two and a half dozen of them are on the list of his duels because of the ladies.
Conclusion
These are the basic facts from the life of the great Russian poet. At the end of the article we recall the name of Pushkin, - Alexander Sergeevich. He did not live on earth for long, but left a brilliant mark on literature.