Pear is a favorite fruit of most people. However, in most cases we are talking about its southern varieties. In the central parts of Russia, and even more so a little to the north, such luxurious fruits cannot be found. However, modern breeders offer summer residents very interesting options. Despite the climatic features of the region, you will be able to grow stunning pears, which will have a very pretty appearance. The pear Academic looks especially beautifully on branches. Description, photos, reviews - this is exactly what interests us today. The fruits differ not only in large sizes, but also in a bright blush.
Short description
This variety has been found on the market for a long time, so it will not be difficult to find seedlings in specialized stores. But let's take a closer look at what an Academic Pear is. Description, photos, reviews - this is all useful information that will allow the summer resident to avoid most mistakes and achieve an excellent harvest.
So, this is a variety of autumn ripening, which was obtained at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev. The fruits are large, 130-150 g, with maroon color. What is noteworthy, they are not affected by scab at all.
Genetic Origin
It is still not exactly installed. However, the characteristics were so interesting for breeders that in 1997 the samples were taken for state variety testing, after which the variety was recommended for use in the Central regions. However, according to various sources, it can be judged that the Academic Pear is also successfully grown far north. The description, photos, reviews that we will consider today emphasize that the winter hardiness of the variety is above average, which allows it to survive even in a rather harsh climate. For Russia, this is an extremely important indicator. But his productivity is average. And this despite the fact that the tree itself is very large. But the fruits are universal, perfectly go to bed and for direct use in food, as well as for making compotes, for drying and jam.
Grade Features
This plays a large role when choosing a landing site, so pay particular attention to this characteristic. The shape of the crown is wide-pyramidal, compact and dense. But the type of fruiting is called mixed by specialists. Fruits are found in both medium and large sizes. Most often, their mass reaches 150 g, if few fruits are tied, they can grow up to 250 g. The shape of the pear is wide, tuberous. The color is yellow, but as it ripens, an intense blush spreads through it.
Taste qualities
How tasty is a purchased pear, ripened under the hot sun and brought to our stores, so much can a wooden fruit ripped from a tree in your garden disappoint. However, in most cases, this is due solely to the fact that the summer resident did not wait for complete ripening. The academic pear is also distinguished by this. Description, photos, reviews will allow you to avoid such errors.
So, depending on the region, you can pick the fruits in early autumn, send them to a bed, for ripening, or give them the opportunity to hang on a tree until they are ripe. The finished fruit pulp is white, juicy, dense and semi-oily. The taste is very pleasant, sweet and sour. The aroma is rather weak, although the amazing taste completely compensates for this drawback.
Beneficial features
Harvested fruits can be used in any way throughout the year. This is notable for the academic pear variety. The description makes it possible to believe that it is dried and rolled up with great success in the form of compote. These are extremely useful preparations, as ripe fruits contain fructose and organic acids, pectins and tannins, enzymes and volatile, flavonoids and vitamins. Among the latter, researchers identify a large amount of A, E, C, P, PP, B. In addition, pear is a source of trace elements such as iron and calcium, potassium and iodine, copper and magnesium, molybdenum and fluorine.
Tasty and aromatic fruits help strengthen the immune system, they have a general strengthening effect. Pears have an antitussive and antipyretic effect. They are useful for the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, help stimulate the liver and kidneys. A decoction of pears or stewed fruit helps fight inflammatory diseases and urolithiasis. Experts recommend eating pears more often for people who are overweight.
Choose a place to land
Let’s talk now about how to grow such a miracle as the Academic Pear at your summer cottage. Description, photos, reviews, landing - this is all the necessary information that you need to own. First of all, before you bring home a seedling, you must definitely choose a place for it and prepare a landing pit.
So, this variety requires excellent lighting. Otherwise, the tree will grow, but there will be few fruits on it, and each of them will have less sugar content. Going further, we need to evaluate the possibility of flooding the site. The fact is that the Academic pear (variety description, photo, reviews fully confirm this) does not tolerate stagnation of water at all. If the site is located in a lowland, you will have to create a knoll or additional drainage. It is desirable that the groundwater level is at least 2 meters.
Choose the soil
And what soil composition does the academic pear variety prefer? The description (the advantages of this variety lies in its versatility) emphasizes that in almost any area the tree will quickly grow. However, on clay soil it will hardly develop. In this case, you need to make a good landing pit at least a meter deep. Acidity should be weak, not more than 6. Sandy-chernozem soil is best suited for this variety. If it contains a lot of sand, then the tree will develop well only if fertilizer is regularly applied.
Seedling Selection
A full description of the Academicheskaya pear emphasizes its high resistance to disease and good survival in almost any environment. But for this you need to buy a quality seedling. Pay attention to the condition of its bark, it should be even and smooth, without mechanical damage and rot. The root system is a separate issue. The roots should be well developed, not over-dried, covered with an earthen lump. At the garden site should be ready planting pits, which are made of organic and mineral fertilizers. If the soil is very acidic, lime may be required.
Season
Academic pear seedlings in central Russia, and even more so in the north, are best planted in the spring, so that they have a better chance to take root and withstand severe colds. It is impossible to be late with this, because with the beginning of the period when the leaves bloom, the survival rate of the plants worsens and leads to a weakening of their growth. Therefore, it is necessary to have time before the kidneys swell.
Landing technique
A strong stake should be driven in the landing pit. He will keep the seedling until he strengthens on his own. The seedling is placed so that the root collar is above the soil, in about 3-5 centimeters. For better rooting, you need to water the seedling well. For this, at least 10 liters of water are used. Now the seedling is covered with earth and watered again. The basal circle is necessarily mulched.
Fertilizer application
Pear Academic - a winter-hardy variety that is very sensitive to nutrition and soil composition. The basal circle must be moistened during flowering and fruiting, so that the introduced substances can be easily absorbed by the root system. The frequency of top dressing depends on the condition of the tree, as well as the initial fertility of the soil.
Usually gardeners are guided by the length of annual growth. The norm for an adult tree is the growth of annual shoots by 40 cm. If this indicator is not achieved, then fertilizers must be applied. Usually for this the time comes in the second year of life. Fertilize in spring and autumn, but during the summer this procedure can also be performed. Organics must be added at least once every three years. Minerals must be applied at least once a year.
Tree pruning
This is also a very important point, because if you leave all the branches, then the tree does not have the strength to grow a large number of fruits. Correct pruning allows you to form a crown in such a way that all the forces go to ripening pears. Do not carry out mass pruning of wood in one day. An experienced gardener, on the contrary, relieves the pear from unnecessary branches in several stages.
The correct cropping pattern is as follows. Forming pruning is performed for the first time. That is, you create the right crown. In the spring, sanitation must be done by removing dried or damaged branches. Produce it before the plants begin the growing season. Finally, the last type of pruning is performed in early April. It is called supportive. In this case, parts of large branches are cut so that there is no overload with fruits. In order to master this procedure, you need to try it in practice at least once.