Electrical wiring in a private house can be done on their own. This work is not any complicated or out of the ordinary. But you still need to have certain knowledge in order to prevent mistakes that can not only lead to incorrect operation of all communication systems and its individual elements, but also threaten the health of the inhabitants of the house.
The wiring of the electrical wiring in a private house begins primarily with connection to power lines (power lines). For these purposes, a cable with aluminum conductors is used. This is due to the fact that the power lines are made of the same material. If you use a copper cable, then when it is in direct contact with
aluminum, the wires begin to oxidize. And this can lead to a power outage due to a sharp increase in the resistance
of the wire connection or burnout of the input cable or, even worse, the wires of the power lines.
The cross section of the input cable is of great importance. He, like all electrical wiring in a private house in general, must withstand the entire load. Therefore, before buying a cable, it is necessary to calculate the required cross-section. To do this, you need to know exactly the power that all electrical appliances in the house will consume. These include: lamps, electric stoves, washing machines and dishwashers, electric heaters, and so on. For the input aluminum cable, the cross - section of the cores is selected according to the calculation, in which 10 square meters. mm sections provide a load of 17 kW. Based on this ratio, you should choose a cable that will already be used to connect the shield in the house to the power line.
Next, you need to determine the number of machines in the shield and their characteristics. The electrical wiring in a private house will be of high quality and safe only with the right choice of protective devices. The best option is to use separate
circuit breakers for each room. It is also recommended to put a separate automatic shutdown device on such devices as an electric stove, washing machine and other equipment with high energy consumption. For such separate rooms, such as a veranda, garage, hallway, you can install one common machine. As for the operating characteristics, there are two of them - this is the permissible operating current and the short-circuit current limit. In the first case, the calculation is based on the cable used, i.e. the
cross-section of the wires, the material and the laying method, or it must be based on the expected load power. As for the second indicator, the choice of device is more theoretical. Existing machines have three limit indicators - this is 4.5 kA, 6 kA and 10 kA. This is the short-circuit current at which the machine will operate and the circuit will be open. If the house is close to the electrical substation, then you should choose a 6 kA device. Otherwise, 4.5 kA, which are most often the most suitable. As for the machines with a short-circuit current of 10 kA, the need for them arises quite rarely, and they are used only if the machine does not cope with 6 kA.
Lastly, cable laying and installation of electrical appliances are carried out, which include switches and sockets. A cable with copper conductors is most suitable when internal wiring is carried out in a private house. Prices for it are higher than for similar aluminum, but the quality is better. Do not forget about the
grounding of devices, so the use of a three-core cable will be very appropriate. Installation can be hidden or open. In the second option, the wiring in a private house is easier and faster. It is most often used in wooden houses, but it is necessary to lay the cables in additional insulation, such as corrugation or cable channel. Hidden wiring is carried out in stone and concrete houses and requires more physical costs for preparatory work, because it is necessary to make channels for the cable along all the walls where it will be laid.