The regional policy of the state is an important component of its economic policy and covers the totality of various administrative, legislative, and economic measures that are carried out by both local and central authorities. All these measures are aimed at regulating the distribution of productive forces.
State regional policy is a sector of social, economic and political development in the country in a regional (spatial) aspect. In other words, this area is related to the relationship between the regions and the central apparatus of the country, as well as the relationship of the regions with each other.
Regional policy is a component of the national strategy in socio-economic development and provides several directions.
- Formation of a correlation of driving forces of regional development and ensuring interaction between them.
- Determination of the ratio of regional and national aspects in development, levels of economic management.
- Development of new territories and resources, raising the economy in backward regions.
- Addressing issues of a national economic nature (in a multinational country).
- Solving urbanization problems (related to the increasing role of cities).
Among other areas of the industry, it should be noted the regional aspects of agricultural, demographic policy. The manifested attitude of the state apparatus to each of the above areas and certain activities that are carried out on them form the content of the policy pursued by the state apparatus on the ground. In developed countries, the content of regional events is approximately the same.
- Reconstruction (restoration) of the economic condition of depressed (backward) industrial areas, development of underdeveloped territories.
- Decentralization of agglomerations (removal beyond the limits of the cluster) and areas with a high concentration of production.
- Formation of new industrial nodes outside the boundaries of urban settlements that do not have links with existing industrial centers.
The regional policy according to the above scheme prevents the increase in imbalance both throughout the country and in its regions. This management industry in developed countries plays a very significant role. Moreover, in powers of less developed problems in the regions are often more acute. This is due to the fact that regional policy requires significant costs.
The areas of work with districts in developed countries can be identified as follows:
- Integration into a single trading platform of all areas in the country.
- Economic recovery in less developed regions, mitigation of imbalances.
- Harnessing to a fuller scale human and natural resources.
- Placing new industry projects from a rational point of view.
In Russia, regional policy plays a significant role. This is due to the huge differences in socio-demographic, natural-geographical, economic and other conditions within the country. A unified approach to regions is not applicable in the Russian Federation.
The importance of regional policy in the process of transition to market relations is growing significantly. Along with this, the tension in the socio-economic situation in the regions, pronounced contrasts in social conditions can threaten the existence of the country, leading to its collapse. In this regard, the purpose of regional politics is also to ease internal tensions, while maintaining the unity and integrity of the state. A change in the situation within the country provokes changes in the content of work with districts.