Everyone knows that without building a reliable solid foundation it is impossible to build a solid house and a strong one. But only engineers know about how to properly make the foundation for their home so that later it can raise several floors of the building. But the foundation is the basis of the structure in the construction of any structure. It is he who is entrusted with the most important function - to transfer to the soil the statistical load associated with the pressure exerted on the base of the building. That is why this part of the house is so important.
In addition, the foundation transfers to the earth and other dynamic loads that arise under the influence of numerous factors, for example, wind, groundwater, nearby vehicles and others. And if the foundation of the structure is erected in compliance with all the requirements put forward, then the destruction or deformation of the building is excluded.
Foundation protection
In order for a house to have a reliable and solid foundation in the long run, it is not enough just to design and calculate it correctly. A mandatory set of measures is required to protect against such external factors that have a destructive effect on the main load-bearing structures of the building. The main ones are ground and atmospheric waters, as well as temperature differences. That is why waterproofing and foundation insulation are always relevant.
Concrete, which is part of a monolithic base, has an unpleasant characteristic: from getting moisture on its surface, he, playing the role of a sponge, begins to absorb water in significant volumes. Therefore, in order to preserve the frame of the reinforcement, as well as to maintain optimal microclimate parameters in the basement and basement, the foundation is waterproofed. SNiP, regulating this process, involves a certain procedure for its implementation. It is not necessary to say that this process is mandatory.
As for warming, with its help it is possible not only to protect the building from sharp temperature drops, but also to get an opportunity for a longer preservation of heat inside it. In turn, waterproofing the foundation (SNiP 2.02.01-83) using special materials and compositions makes it possible to protect it from the harmful effects of moisture.
SNiP requirements
The reliability of the entire structure depends primarily on how well waterproofing and insulation of the foundation are made. Therefore, especially strict requirements are imposed on this work in construction. All appropriate work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP, which is a system of all regulatory documents and norms related to construction. They prescribe the mandatory conduct of insulation and waterproofing works in cases where ground or waste water, as well as “some other liquids” can have an impact with a high or medium degree of intensity.
But even in the absence of this external factor, waterproofing and thermal insulation of the foundation will by no means become an unnecessary measure.
Materials
To date, there are several of the most popular building materials, with the help of which insulation and waterproofing of the foundation and blind areas are carried out. In particular, protection from moisture is most often carried out by penetron, linocrome or penoplex. Let's consider each of them separately. Penetron materials are the most popular insulation today . This component increases the water resistance of concrete by creating a mesh of crystals in cracks and pores. Penetron compacts concrete so strongly that water has no chance of penetrating inside. In those places where waterproofing the foundation with roll materials is relevant, linocrom, which has a multilayer structure, is most often used. It, being surfaced, has several advantages: high moisture, biostability and resistance to decay.
A material such as penoplex also often waterproofs the foundation with insulation. The technology of its application is quite simple. In addition, this material is not only insulated and insulated base, with it the owner of the house completely forget about mold and fungus. Many are often interested in whether waterproofing is needed when warming the foundation with foam. Experts believe that it is not needed, since this material perfectly performs both of these functions at once. Another bitumen roll material - bicrost - was created specifically for insulation of the base. It is quite high quality and economical.
Technology
Based on the climatic features of a particular area, a method is chosen. There are several waterproofing technologies: horizontal, designed for strip foundations, cement, coating, cold method and liquid rubber method. They differ not only in the material used, but also in the complexity of the work.
Horizontal way
If there is no basement in a private house, then this method is most often used. In this case, the foundation is waterproofed with roll materials. In addition, this method is considered quite economical. Masters must carefully think through each step in order to prevent mistakes, since it will be impossible to fix them in the future. Around the structure, just above the blind area, a material is applied that does not rot. It can be coated with rubber, bitumen or cement. For stability, the foundation is waterproofed with roll materials. It can be rubitex or ruberoid, glassisol or professional feed, hydroglassisol and other self-adhesive waterproofing materials.
Strip foundation protection
Warming and waterproofing the foundation of a private house, taking into account the presence of a basement, is slightly different from the previous method. Depending on the material capabilities of the owners, various materials are used. Most often, complex waterproofing and insulation of the strip foundation are carried out, providing full protection of the building. Initially, the surface of the pit is treated with two or three layers of clay: this serves as a barrier to liquid penetration. Then under the sole of the foundation is laid roofing material or film. The first building material is applied in two layers and smeared with bitumen mastic. Both the insulating film and the roofing material must be laid tightly and overlapping, carefully avoiding leaving gaps.
The next step is brick laying or adding insulation material. Some do also plastering. It is also advisable to drainage to remove moisture from the building so that the water in the base does not stagnate, but flows easily through a groove into a special drainage well. Internal and external processing of the foundation walls can be carried out with the same materials.
Coating method
This option is suitable for a monolithic base. In this case, the waterproofing and insulation of the foundation do not require coating the joints of the joints, since only the coating is done, which creates a protective film. Waterproofing can be performed in one or several layers from both the external and internal parts of the building. For this, solutions made on bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer substrates are used. The most profitable option is the use of hot bitumen. To warm it, you will need special equipment. Bitumen mastic will heat up and become liquid, so you can work with it even at sub-zero temperatures. For the safety of residents, material based on organic solvents is not used in the interior. In this case, it is better to take water-based mastic.
Cement waterproofing
It is one of the universal options and is used for both internal and external decoration. Cement waterproofing is ideal for foundations of buildings with high humidity, such as baths or laundries. There are ready-made mixtures of two different compositions on sale. Some consist of sand, cement and various additives. Others are made of more elastic constituents, in particular polymers.
Independent waterproofing and basement insulation
With your own hands to do this work is quite within the power of someone who understands at least something in construction. To carry out the work correctly and reliably, the novice master should follow a certain sequence of actions. First you need to prepare the surface of the foundation, clean it of dust and dirt, removing everything that could interfere with the adhesion of the insulating material to the base. Sharp elements are also eliminated in the process. Then the surface is treated with a primer solution. After it dries, the main insulating component is applied. If we are talking about the use of surfaced material, for example, linocrom, then in this case the lower part of the rolled coil is heated with the help of a burner, while also heating the foundation. The insulator, slowly rolling, is pressed to the surface.
Warming
This factor also needs to be given careful attention. After all, warming has two main objectives: to minimize body loss, especially in winter, and to prevent the destruction of the foundation due to freezing of soil near it. Thanks to him, the microclimate inside the house improves and his ideal condition remains for a long time.
The most common mistakes
The first is the wrong material choice. Many people incorrectly believe that any insulator can be used simultaneously on the internal and external surfaces of the house, including those located underground. For example, the use of roofing material to protect the foundation of the roof leads to sad consequences. Firstly, a roof waterproofing insulator has a lower strength indicator, moreover, it is not designed for tension and must be fixed in length with a certain margin. Because of this, from seasonal temperature fluctuations, when the soil becomes mobile, numerous mechanical damages occur in such a material.
Many experts today oppose the use of roofing material or bitumen mastic for waterproofing and warming the foundation. In some ways, they are right, because these two materials have the property of drying out very much after five years of use, and after ten or more years they can begin to pass moisture.