Design of water supply and sewerage. Design rules

Few people oppose living in a private or country house. Most citizens are already trying to break out into the fresh air to take a break from the noise of the metropolis and the annoying neighbors behind the wall. And the owners of private houses also have the opportunity to enjoy the beautiful nature in the morning, and this is every day. But is it really good living below the high-rise buildings?

One of the drawbacks is the lack of a centralized connection to the engineering communications system . Here you have to do everything yourself, starting with the local design of water supply and sewage.

What you need to know when getting started

Network arrangement implies the implementation in two ways:

• in a new building;
• rebuilt, already in use house.

The first scheme is easier to implement. The design of water supply and sanitation takes place at the stage of preparing the drawing of the house. It is possible to predict the location of the water points, to suggest the location of the technological holes in the walls and foundation.

Equipping the water supply in an already lived-in building, you may have to make more efforts to implement the plan. But the task is feasible in this case.

Stages of creating a local water supply and sewage network

The process consists of several points of the plan that must be completed in order of priority:

• start with the choice of the place of water supply: the central water supply (if it is possible to connect to it), a rebuilt well or a drilled artesian well in the area;
• after that they deal with treatment facilities. Most often, this is a septic tank or a deep bioremediation station.

Both of the proposed options have their advantages.

In the presence of a bio-treatment station, it is possible to achieve the highest rate of drinking water purification. Such an installation does not show excessive noise and does not emit unpleasant odors into the environment. Soil of any type is suitable for installation, and even a high level of groundwater will not interfere with the arrangement.

Of the shortcomings noted volatility. The operation of the unit requires a constant supply of electricity. In addition, there is a lot of such a station. A septic tank will be cheaper, but during the construction of a sewage treatment plant, additional arrangement of the filtration fields is required , and for this, soils with certain parameters of GWP, density, salinity are suitable.

When designing water supply and sewerage in the country, that is, in a house not intended for year-round use, you can choose one of the following options: mount a storage tank or equip a cesspool.

• Having decided the fundamental points, proceed to the development of the project.
• Having created the scheme, take up the construction of a well or drilling a well.
• Having figured out the previous step, mount the pump that will supply water to the house and, using the water supply project, begin to build the pipeline.
• Install water purifying filters.
• Install the sewer according to the scheme.
• The last and final stage of the installation of the piping and drainage systems is a trial run of the system and carrying out commissioning.

Carrying out calculations related to the arrangement of a water supply system

Designing water supply and sanitation requires special calculations. The coherence of the work of each of the branches of the system will depend on their correctness.

Water pressure and its meaning

So, choosing equipment for water supply, in this case the pump, pay attention to its technical characteristics - the pressure of water at the outlet of the pump. In order for the water to be supplied without pressure loss and uniformly flowing to each of the drawoff points, calculate the pressure loss indicator in the system when the water rises through the pipeline to a height of the second, third floor or higher. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the selection of water by neighboring consumers along the way of its transportation.

Installation of an internal sewage system does not require such calculations.

System tricks

The main rules for the design of water supply and sanitation include:

1. From the toilet to the riser, it is planned to lay a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm.
2. Pipes with a diameter of 50 mm are laid to all other points of the water intake according to the sewage scheme in the house .
3. The sewer riser is led out onto the roof for ventilation.
4. When designing a pipeline, do not forget that you must observe the optimal hijacking of the pipe slope and angle of rotation. Exceeding the norm or insufficient slope can lead to blockage in the pipe.
5. Make sure that the corners of the turns are gentle, do not exceed 90 degrees.

Important! If it turned out that when laying pipes the angle is too steep, then instead of one direct outlet, mount two at 45 degrees.

Features of the installation of waste water and water supply systems

Having developed the project and made a diagram, selecting the necessary materials for the design, proceed to the arrangement and installation of systems. There are five basic rules for the construction of water supply and sewage. Design and installation are inseparable design stages. From the literacy of the implementation of the first depends on the further functioning of the entire system. The basic rules include:

1. Exposure to the optimum angle of inclination when arranging the pipes.
2. Start work from a fixed point. For example, when working with an external pipeline, work begins from the place of entry into the septic tank - the lowest point of the sewage system.
3. Features of the connection of pipes. When working with plastic products, it is impossible to expose them to excessive loads, mechanical impact, otherwise microcracks may occur, which in the future will entail a pipeline leak.
4. When laying internal networks, do not forget about additional fixing of pipes to walls or other wall structures. Mounting is carried out using special clamps. Do this in order to prevent them from sagging.
5. When connecting plastic pipes with different diameters, difficulties often arise. To avoid inconvenience, it is recommended to lubricate the sealing collar with liquid silicone.

Important! When using silicone grease (sealant), an additional seal is formed at the grout, giving the system even greater tightness. But if the system has to be dismantled back, then the pipes treated with sealants will be difficult to disconnect.

Water supply assembly: basic rules

Before you start work and implement projects, do not forget to get permission from municipal authorities to drill a well or organize water intake from a centralized branch. At the SES, take a certificate for the use of water as drinking water.

SNiP in the design of engineering systems

When designing water supply and sanitation SNiP is of no small importance. All work is carried out in accordance with this regulatory document. When installing water supply systems, they are guided by the following rules:

1. When choosing a place for a septic tank on a site, consider the type of soil. Remember that in the presence of clay rock, the minimum distance of the septic tank to the water intake point should be 30 meters; with sandy soils, the remoteness of the sump is from 50 to 80 meters.
2. When drawing up the layout of water pipes, study the level of freezing of the soil, otherwise the water circulating in the system may freeze.
3. When installing plastic pipes, make sure that the water supply networks do not give in to overheating. Therefore, lay pipes close to the heating system.
4. When installing, observe the pipe slope towards the central tap.
5. At the starting point of the pipeline, it is recommended to provide for the installation of an additional valve regulating the water supply. So the system can be closed in case of repair work.

Design of water supply and sanitation, the design rules that we studied are labor intensive. This is a process that does not hasten, and any mistake can adversely affect the effective operation of the system. Therefore, the water supply project, schemes, drawings and outline drawings for the installation of engineering systems are so important when carrying out a pipeline and a water drainage system.