About 25 million new cars are added annually on the world's roads. Therefore, the issue of parking, and especially in large cities, is actually very acute. On how convenient it will be to park near a particular commercial building or shopping center, the profitability of the enterprise also depends to a large extent. The most convenient for car owners is, of course, automatic multi-level parking.
Main varieties
At the moment, parking can be arranged in cities:
Each of these varieties in one case or another may be the most convenient. Ground parking is built when there is enough free space near the shopping center or other commercial facility. Underground objects of this purpose are usually equipped with a lack of space near a business building or residential building.
Prefabricated parking lots are built most often if necessary, to save time and as soon as possible to start making a profit by attracting customers or buyers. Such facilities are much cheaper than capital, and therefore can save on the initial stage of development of a business.
Automatic and mechanical parking
All types of parking lots existing in the modern world are classified not only according to the place of organization, design and method of assembly. Any parking, among other things, can be automatic or mechanical. Of course, the construction and arrangement of objects of the first variety is usually more expensive. However, in operation, automatic parking is actually much more convenient than mechanical. The advantages of such objects is really just a huge amount.
On flat parking lots of this type, equipment such as cash registers for receiving payments and ID racks can be installed. Similar elements are used in multi-tiered parking lots. However, in this case, the list of equipment includes several more technically much more complex and expensive devices.
Multi-level parking
Automated parking of this type are considered the most convenient. In fact, multilevel parking itself in comparison with a flat one has a number of advantages. These include the opportunity :
In terms of space saving, multi-level underground parking is especially convenient . Such structures are usually assembled directly under the buildings. And therefore, do not occupy any useful space on the surface at all.
By design, multi-tier parking can be automatic or semi-automatic. The most convenient, of course, is the first type of parking.
Automatic multi-level parking
In addition to standard equipment - cash desks and identification systems, special mechanisms are also used at such parking lots, which allow lifting cars to empty seats without human intervention. The "filling" of multi-level parking lots includes, among other things, a control computer system and various kinds of scanners and sensors.
Types of automatic multi-tier parking
Parkings of this type are classified into:
Tower. Such multi-level parking is primarily compact . Pallets with cars in the parking lot of this variety are located around a massive tower. The capacity of such parking lots can be about 70 cars per 50 m 2 .
Conveyor belts. Parkings of this type most often consist of three or more levels. Cars on them can move both vertically and horizontally. The most appropriate is the construction of conveyor parking in small and medium areas.
Robotic. Such parking usually occupy large spaces and are distinguished by the complexity of the design. As the main equipment they use special conveyor robots.
Semi-automatic multi-tier parking
Parking of this type work on a slightly different principle. In this case, he calls the pallet onto the pallet. After the engine is turned off, and the driver leaves the object, the platform with the car moves, which frees up space for a new car.
The equipment at parking lots of this type uses the following:
Benefits
In addition to increased comfort for drivers, the possibility of saving space and ease of maintenance, multi-level parking lots, photos for which are presented on the page, they also differ in the following advantages:
Parking is carried out in this case without the participation of people. The work of the mechanisms themselves is verified with great accuracy. And this, in turn, completely eliminates the contact of cars between themselves and with objects located in the parking lot. The engine of cars parked in this way works, the minimum amount of time. Consequently, very few harmful substances are released into the atmosphere.
Disadvantages of parking
The main disadvantage of multi-tier parking is, of course, their dependence on energy supply. In the absence of voltage in the network, the installation of cars, as well as the issue of them, unfortunately, can be suspended. Which, of course, will cause dissatisfaction with motorists.
In order to eliminate the risk of the lifts and platforms stopping during a power outage , alternative power sources are usually used at such sites . A multi-level parking, the construction plan of which includes including the installation of such additional equipment, costs the owner of a commercial building, of course, more expensive.
Operational Features
Using motorized parking for motorists is certainly very convenient. The time for issuing a car from the automatic parking of this variety is on average 70-90 seconds. In principle, in fully automated parking lots, the presence of personnel is not required at all. However, one - two employees in large parking lots usually always work. You can contact them in case of any problems.
Construction of multi-level parking: features
With a bork of a similar design usually involves several stages:
a project is being drawn up;
fixed or prefabricated supports are installed;
mounted equipment designed for automation.
In the construction of facilities such as multi-level parking, projects are made taking into account primarily the future static and dynamic loads on equipment and structural elements. Also, when developing schemes of such structures, of course, architectural features and the style of the building or area in which they will be installed are taken into account.
Parking Requirements
Of course, when assembling such structures, among other things, certain safety standards are observed. So, for example, multi-level parking cannot exceed 26.5 meters in height. This allows you to equip a maximum of 10-14 tiers of parking. Under the ground, such a structure can go no more than five levels.
For most modern facilities, one way or another connected with transport and located within the city, certain requirements are also imposed with regard to noise. Multilevel parking is no exception in this regard. “How to build a parking lot so that it does not become an object that causes discomfort among the population?”, The answer to this question is also regulated by standards. The noise level from automatic multi-tiered parking, according to the rules, should not exceed 60 dB at a distance of 2 meters.
Lighting in parking lots of this type, since they are serviced without human intervention, is usually not provided. However, according to the rules, such facilities must be equipped with emergency lamps.
Parking in Russia and in the world
The parking lots of this variety are really just huge. Some automatic multi-level parking facilities are truly grandiose. For example, in Germany in 2000 a city called Autostadt was built . The multi-level parking located here is a real car attraction, and car owners from all over the country come to see it.
In Russia, the first automatic parking appeared in 2009 in Moscow. It is located near the Ostankino tower. There are robotic parking in St. Petersburg. They are located in the Quattro Corti business center. Their capacity is 128 cars. There are such parkings in other cities of Russia, for example, in Yekaterinburg and Irkutsk.
Mini-modules
Building a vertical automated parking lot is expensive. It is advisable, of course, to collect large multi-level parking lots (the photos on the page show the scale of such structures) only in very large cities near popular shopping centers, recreation complexes, large hotels and luxury residential buildings. But owners of small commercial facilities can increase the convenience of parking for their customers if they wish. All that is needed is to use special rotary mini-modules designed for several cars.
The lifting mechanism in such parking lots is two contours of roller chains, between which are suspended platforms for cars. In the event of a power outage, such devices provide the ability to move cars manually. Such systems are controlled by specially trained operators.
Multi-level open mobile parking allows you to install 7-12 cars where no more than two were previously located. The assembly of such structures at the same time requires a minimum amount of effort, financial costs and time.