Any construction, as you know, begins with the construction of the foundation. It can be performed both by laying concrete mass in a trench, and using concrete blocks. The dimensions of the FBS block, as a rule, are selected depending on the degree of load on the foundation and the size of the structure. Also, if there is a need for a certain color scheme, for example, you need to select a base, then use blocks of different colors: gray, red, yellow, green.
For laying in the base of the house, most often use rectangular FBS blocks base. Dimensions are selected depending on the length and height of the wall, which will be based on them, as well as on its structural system and material. If you plan to build a multi-story building, then under the blocks you need to lay a concrete pillow.
Foundation blocks: sizes and types
Blocks have different markings corresponding to their types, for example: FBS - solid; FBP - hollow, FBV - with a cut.
The main dimensions of the FBS block are the height, which is practically unchanged for all products made according to the standard (60 cm), the width (only four sizes from 30 to 60 cm) and the length, which is a multiple of 30 (60, 90, 120 and 240 cm) . All these parameters are also indicated in decoding in decimetres (for example, FBS 6-3-6 means that this unit is designed for walling and has parameters 6 dm in length, 3 dm in width and 6 dm in height). Sometimes the type of concrete used to make the block is also indicated in the marking: “t” is heavy, “p” is porous, and “c” is silicate. All other sizes of the FBS block can be made to order.
Factory quality is a guarantee of long service life.
Blocks are selected based on the vertical load, which is determined by calculation at the design stage of the building. Dimensions also depend on what density the concrete was used for their casting. All blocks are reinforced and have special loops, with the help of which it is convenient to transport and lay them in place.
Since the blocks are produced in the factory, this guarantees their high strength and reliability, they are resistant to external influences. However, in order to prevent moisture penetration, it is nevertheless recommended that the outside be coated with a waterproofing mixture, especially if there is a possibility of raising groundwater.
The subtleties of installing a block foundation
Installation of a block foundation compares favorably with respect to erection time compared to cast-in-place casting, and also does not require continuous formwork due to the fact that FBS blocks, the sizes of which are standard, reduce the number of vertical joints and make it more durable. When calculating the required number of blocks, one should not forget about the multiplicity of 30. If the wall length is divided by 30, then you can always choose the number of elements you need. If the remainder remains, then the blocks can be arranged, and the voids between them can be sealed with reinforced inserts. The foundation is ready for the construction of walls in about a week. All joints between the blocks, both horizontal and vertical, are filled with a solution into which it is recommended to introduce waterproofing additives. The size of the FBS block will affect the thickness of the solution layer. To conduct underground utilities (water, sewage, electricity) into the building, you should leave small gaps between the elements in previously planned places, so that you do not drill them later.