Any gardener dreams of a luxurious harvest. However, it often happens that a couple of days after planting, the tomatoes are covered with specks, the leaves turn brown, curl. All the work is wasted! The root cause lies in late blight. The disease can threaten plantings not only in the greenhouse, but also in open soil.
Disputes themselves have every chance of wintering in the ground. It turns out that the fight must begin with disinfection of the soil. The question of how to process the plantation occupies almost all gardeners. What is preferable to purchase and how to cultivate the land from phytophthora: chemicals, biological resources, or turn to popular methods? We will try to figure out how to accurately and correctly treat the soil in order to save the tomato crop from late blight.
Late blight
In order for the war with the enemy to have an effective outcome, it must be known in person. For this reason, it is important to have at least a shallow knowledge of the disease and how to cultivate the land from late blight. Not so long ago, it was considered to be fungal. However, experts found this to be a special category of mycelial parasitic bacteria. Their habitat area is nightshade crops, for this reason they need to be cultivated from time to time.
Oomycetes are mainly present in the spore phase. They parasitize in dead plants and soil. As soon as the air temperature becomes more than +25 degrees, they begin intensive development. Their future generation is dumped in a drop of water. Moreover, spores have every chance of moving through the air with wind and precipitation. For this reason, it is quite difficult to exclude the presence of late blight in tomatoes.
As a rule, tomato disease is activated in July and August, if the daily temperature drops are more pronounced. If the weather is dry, the development of late blight is inhibited.
The disease affects not only tomatoes, but also other crops. Bacteria fall to the ground, where they have every chance of staying for a long time, until suitable conditions are created. Colds are not able to eliminate microspores on plant debris or in the soil.
Symptomatology
This fungal disease has specific symptoms. Dark places appear on leaves and fruits, they grow rapidly, destroying the crop and the plants themselves. Dark places are considered nothing more than colonies of mold fungi. In suitable circumstances, it multiplies rapidly, and then transferred from the garden to the garden, destroying the crop.
The vegetable grower should know how to cultivate the land from late blight. It is necessary to apply the proper chemicals, to destroy the affected plants in a targeted manner, in addition, to work with the soil, which will make it possible to increase the natural protection of plants.
Root causes
The occurrence of late blight on sites can provoke:
- Excessively liming soils promote the growth of fungi.
- Most summer residents are afraid of soil oxidation, for this reason they try to saturate it with lime by all means, which becomes the most common cause of late blight. Therefore, it is so important to know how to cultivate the soil after late blight tomato in the fall.
- Very dense plantings complicate the ventilation of greenhouses, blocking air access to plants in open places. And for the existence of fungal spores, a wet greenhouse environment is perfect.
- Sudden temperature fluctuations that are relevant for the end of the summer season, when during sultry daytime weather there are often quite cold nights. During this period, as a rule, a large amount of dew falls, which becomes an additional source of moisture for dark rot.
- Weakened by ripening plants lose their immunity.
- The lack of the necessary components (potassium, iodine, manganese) significantly increases the likelihood of late blight.
Therefore, before cultivating the earth from late blight, it is necessary to saturate it with trace elements.
Popular ways
Since it is almost impossible to completely get rid of phytophthora of tomatoes, you need to think about preventive measures. First of all, eliminate plant fragments, and secondly, disinfect.
How to cultivate the land in the fall from late blight and how? There are 3 main technologies:
- agrotechnical;
- biological;
- chemical.
Agricultural Engineering Rules
Since phytophthora spores have every chance of living a couple of years in the soil, you must adhere to certain rules and know how to cultivate the land after phytophthora tomato in the fall:
- Observe crop rotation.
- Do not plant tomatoes near potatoes.
- Tomatoes need to be planted at a distance to give air access. Watering should be plentiful, but do not bring the soil to a viscous state - phytophthora spores are ideal conditions for this. Preventive agricultural measures must be carried out in the fall after the harvest of tomatoes.
- In the fall, before cultivating the land from late blight, it is necessary to dig up the ridges where the tomatoes grew using the dump method. A piece of soil with spores will be on top. It is necessary to dig up, deepening a shovel on the whole bayonet.
- In the spring, before planting tomatoes, the soil can be poured over with hot water, adding potassium permanganate to it. If the processing is carried out in a greenhouse, then cover all the windows and doors without exception. A bed in the air is covered on top of the film.
How to handle the folk method?
Phytophthora is by no means a new disease; our ancestors still knew about it. Then chemistry did not exist. Our grandparents came up with their own ways to deal with late blight of tomatoes, which gardeners still use today. If the disease is not very malignant, they will be effective. Alternative methods can be used as a preventative measure.
One liter of fermented kefir is poured into a bucket of water. They are sprayed with tomatoes and the soil near them.
How to cultivate the earth in the fall from late blight of tomatoes yet? Whey may help. Take the same amount of serum and water, spray the soil and plants. You can add a few drops of an antiseptic such as iodine.
Fresh straw or hay must be poured with a bucket of water, adding a little urea. The mixture is insisted up to 5 days. Water the soil near the tomatoes every 10 days.
For the solution, take 500 grams of ash, 40 grams of home soap (grate), lay in a three-liter jar and pour water. After the soap has dissolved, tomatoes and a bed are sprayed. Aisles can be sprinkled with ash, soil moistened in advance.
It is good to use skim milk for processing soil and tomatoes (reverse). In a ten-liter watering can pour one liter of skim milk, add iodine (15 drops). Bring to 10 l and water the soil under two tomatoes.
What are good folk ways? It is not necessary to pause between treatments. Similar tools can be combined, alternate the processing of tomato and soil.
Bios ways
In the event that the disease was not very rampant, it is possible to limit oneself to bio-substances. They are not dangerous to the earth, animals and humans. How to cultivate the land after late blight in the fall? The most effective are called:
- "Baikal EM-1";
- "Baikal EM-5."
They should be brought into the ground about two weeks before the cold weather before digging the soil.
Further biologically active fungicides:
- "Bactofit" and "Trichodermin";
- Planzir and Alirin B;
- "Fitosporin", "Fitocide M" and others.
These substances are used strictly according to the instructions after the soil has been dug up. In early spring, immediately after the snow melts, the procedure must be repeated.
How to cultivate the soil after late blight of tomatoes with fungicides? Dissolve the right amount in water and spill to a depth of 10 cm.
"Fitosporin" is used for autumn and spring tillage from late blight. 6 ml of the drug are added to 10 liters of water. This solution is enough for one square. You can repeat during the period of plant growth.
The Trichodermine contains spores and mycelium of the Trichoderma lignorum fungus. Therefore, late blight spores die. 100 milliliters per ten-liter bucket of water is enough for watering plants and soil.
Chemistry to the rescue
If agrotechnical methods, folk remedies and bio-substances did not help, you need to use chemistry. For this, substances with a 3rd or 4th hazard class are suitable. Before treating tomatoes with chemicals, you must carefully read the manual.
How to treat the soil from late blight in the fall? After digging in the autumn, the earth is treated with Bordeaux liquid. Secondly, such an operation is performed in the spring.
The composition of the substance includes copper sulfate, it disinfects the earth and makes up for the need for trace elements. Bordeaux substance is sprayed with tomatoes and subjected to tillage. Plants can be sprayed every year, the soil - once every five years.
You can use 4% substance of copper oxychloride or 2% substance "Oxychoma."
During the transplant period, the tomato pits all the pits with “Quadris”, “Bravo”, “Hom”. Each chemical preparation must be applied strictly according to the rules.
Only complex measures can clear the soil of late blight. Do not forget that soil processing must be done regularly every autumn and spring.
Conclusion
Now you know how to cultivate the land infected with late blight in the garden. It is important to disinfect and cultivate the soil in advance, properly fertilize and apply specialized means to combat this fungus. Comprehensive measures will give a good result.